GARMAN, S. 1885. Chlamydoselachus anguineus Garm.- A living Species of Cladodont Shark. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Vol. XII(1):1-35.
MAISEY, J. G. 1982. The Anatomy and Interrelashionships of Hybodont sharks. American Museum Novitates.(2724):11-48.
HANT, J. L. 1973. Pacific Fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Cam., (180):740p.
PEQUEÑO, G. & Toledo, H., 1994. Diferencias entre embriones de termino de Squalus acanthiasi Linnaeus, 1758 e Squalus mitsukurii Jordan & Zinder, 1903 (Chondrichthyes, Squalidae). Rev. Biol.. Mar., Valparaíso, 29 (1):137-145.
TENG, HUO-TU. 1959. Studies on the Elasmobranch Fishes from Formosa. PartIV. Squaliolus alii, a new species of deep sea squaloid shark from Tung-kang, Formosa. Laboratory of Fishery Biology. Report Nº8:1-5.
WITHERS, P. C. 1992. Comparative Animal Phisiology. ED. Saunders College Publishing. 949p.
NATANSON, L. J. & Caillet, G. M., 1986. Reproduction and development of the Pacific Angel shark, Squatina californica, off Santa Barbara, California. Copeia (4):987-994.
SADOWSKY, V. 1970. On the Dentition of the sand shark Odontaspis taurus, from the Vicinity of Cananéia, Brazil. Bolm. Inst. Oceanogr. 18(1):37-44.
ANDREWS, J. C. & JONES, R.T. (?). A method for the transport of sharks for captivity. Journal of Aquariculture and Aquatic Sciences. Vol. V.(4):70-72.
Amorim, A. F.; Arfeli, C. A. & Castro, J. I. 2000. Description of a juvenile megamouth shark, Megachasma pelagios, caught off Brazil. Environm. Biol. Fishes .59 (2): 117-123.
CASTEX, M. N. 1964. Una nueva especie de raya fluvial Americana: Potamotrygon schumacheri sp. N. Neotropica. Vol10 (32):92-94.
FRAZZETTA, T. H. & PRANGE, C. D., 1987. Movements of cephalic components during feeding in some réquiem sharks (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae). Copeia (4):979-993.
ROSE, D. A. 1996. An Overview oF the world trade in sharks and other cartilaginous fishes. ED. Traffic International. 106p.
SADOWSKY, V. & AMORIN , A. F. 1977. Sobre a composição da fauna dos esqualos pelágicos do Brasil. Resumos da 29º Reunião SBPC. 29(7):792.
BEARD, J. (???). On the development of the common skate (Raja alba). Eight Annual report of the Fishery Board for Scotland. Part III.: 300-311.
SOTO, A. S. C. (2001). Tubarões: recurso naturalia farmacnativa. In: Comunicando a Ciência. :161-165.
BEEBE, W. 1941. External Characters of Six Embryo Nurse Sharks, Ginglymostoma cirratum (GMELIN). Zoologica: New York Zoological Society XXVI(4):9-12.
GIÁCOMO, E. E. di & Perier, M. R., 1991. Evaluación de la biomassa y explotación comercial del pez gallo (Callorhynchus callorhynchus) en el Golfo San Matias, Argentina. Frente Marítimo, 9 (A):7-13.
LAMBERT, D. 1994. The Livebearer World. Forgotten livebearers: The Stingrays. Tropical Fish Hobbyist. (???):204-207.
BAUGHMAN, J. L.,1946. Fishes not previously reported from Texas, with miscellaneous notes on the species. Copeia.(???).
LUND, R. 1977. Echinochimaerameltoni, new genus and species (Chimaeriformes), from the Mississipian of Montana. Annals of Carnegie Museum. Vol 46:195-221.
GROGAN, E. D. & LUND, R. 2000. Deeberius ellefseni (Fam. Nov., Gen. Nov., Spec. Nov.), na Autodiastylic Chondrichthyan From the Mississipian Bear Gulch Limestone of Montana (USA), the Relationships of the Chondrichthyes, and Comments on Gnatostome Evolutios. Journal of Morphology (243):219-245.
COMPAGNO, L. J. V., 1990. Alternative life-history styles of cartilaginous fishes in time and space. Environmental Biology of Fishes (28):33-75.
KUSHER, D. I., smith, S. E. & Caillet, G. M., 1992. Validated age and growth of the leopard shark, Triakis semifasciata, with comments on reproduction. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 35:187-203.
STRONG, W. R., MURPHY, R.C., BRUCE, B.D. & NELSON, D.R. 1992. Movements andassociated observations of bait-attracted white sharks, Carcharodon carcharias: a preliminary report. In “Sharks: Biology and Fisheries”. (Ed. J. G. Pepperell.) Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 43:13-20.
TESHIMA, K. & KOGA, S. 1973. Studies on Sharks – V. Taxonomic Characteristics of Reproductive Organs in Japanee Mustelus. Marine Biology (23):337-344.
BATISTA, V. S. 1987. Lenght-Weight relationship to the little guitarfish, Zapterix brevirostris (Chondrichthyes: Rhinobatidae), from the Itaipu unlet, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Copeia (3):787-789.
KLIMLEY, A. P. & AINLEY, D. G. 1996. Great White sharks: the biology of Carcharodon carcharias. ED. Academic Press. 517p.
CAMPBELL, D., BATTAGLENE, T. & SHAFRON, W. 1992. Economics of Resource Conservationin a Commercial Shark fishery. In “Sharks: Biology and Fisheries”. (Ed. J. G. Pepperell.)Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 43:251-262.
Parsons, G. R. 1985. Notes on the life history of the catshark, Scyliorhinus meadi. Fish. Bull. 83:695-696.
LESSA, R.P. & SILVA, T. C. 1992. Fecundity and reproductive cycle of the bonnethead shark Sphyrna tiburo (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Northern Brazil. Ver. Brasil. Biol., 52(4):533-545.
MUNTZ, W. R. A., CRURCH, E. & DARTNALL, H. J. A. 1973. Visual pigment of the freshwater stingray Potamotrygon motoro. Nature. Vol 246(5434):517.
AIRES DA SILVA, A., DUARTE, P. C., GIGA, A. & MENEZES, G., 1998. First Record oh the spined pygmy shark, Squaliolus laticaudus (Smith & Radcliffe, 1912) in the Azores, extending its distribution in the North-Eastern Atlantic. Arquipélago, 16A:57-61.
*ELLIS, R. 1994. The book of sharks. ED. Knopf. 224p.
TAYLOR, L. R. 1997. Sharks & Rays the ultimate guide to underwater predstors. ED. HarperCollins. 288p.
HOLLAND, K. N., LOWE, C. G., PETERSON, J. D. & GILL, A. 1992. Tracking coastal sharks with small boats: Hammerhead Shark pups as a case study. In “Sharks: Biology and Fisheries”. (Ed. J. G. Pepperell.) Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 43:61-66.
BATISTA, V. S. 1987. Desenvolvimento sexual de Zapteryx brevirostris (Müller & Henle, 1841), no litoral do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Rev. Brasil. Biol., 47(3):301-307.
DANIEL, F. 1914. Tha anatomy of Heterodontus francisci. University of California Publications in
MENNI, R. C. 1972. Raja (Atlantoraja) subgen. nov. y lista critica de los Rajidae Argentinos. (Chondrichthyes, Rajiformes). Revista del Museo de La Plata Zoología Tomo XI:165-173.
LESSA, R., VOOREN, C.M. & LAHAYE, J. 1986. Desenvolvimento e ciclo sexual das fêmeas, migrações e fecundidade da viola Rhinobatus horkelli (Müller & Henle, 1841) do Sul do Brasil. Atlântica (8):5-34.
BELL, J. C. & NICHOLS, J.T. 1921. Notes on the food of Carolina sharks. Copeia (92):17-20.
GONZALEZ, M. M. B. & Magenta-da-Cunha, C., 2000. Diferentiation of the mutilation of Isistius brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) and Squaliolus laticaudus Smith & Radcliffe, 1912 (Chondrichthyes, Squalidae) through the morphologic analysis of the mouth. Publs. Avulsas do Instituto Pau Brasil 3:31-39.
SADOWSKY, V., ARFELLI, C. A., AMORIN , A. F. 1985. First record of porbeagle, Lamna nasus ( Bonaterre, 1788), in the Brazilian Atlantic. B. Inst. Pesca. 12(2):49-53.
ARMBRUSTER, J. W., Sabaj, M. H., Hardman, M., Page, L. M. & Knouft, J. H., 2000. Catfish Genus Corymbophanes (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) with description of one new species: corimbophanes kaiei. Copeia, 2000 (4):997-1006.
ELLIS, R. & MCCOOSKER, J. E. 1991. Great White Shark. ED. Stanford University Press. 270p.
CARVALHO, M. R., & Figueiredo, J. L. de., 1994. Psammobatis extenta (Garman, 1913): A senior synonym of Psammobatis glansdiddimilis McEachran, 1983. (Chondrichthyes, Rajidae).
PERALTA, A. S.L., CARVALHO JR, J. R., MATOS, E. & SERRA-FREIRE, N. M. 1998. Ocorrência de Argulus juparanaensis Lemos de Castro, 1950 (Branchiura: Argulidae) em Arraia de fogo Potamotrygon motoro (Müller & henle, 1841) (Rajiformes:Potamotrygonidae) no Igarapé do Salto, Município de Cachoeira do Arari, Marajó, Estado do Pará. Entomologia y Vetores 5 (1):49-54.
HALE, H. M., ??? . The egg-case of a cat shark, Scyliorhinus vicenti (Zietz). Records of the S. A. Museum, ?:367-368.
CAILLIET, G. M., Yudin, K. G., Tanaka, S. & Taniuchi, T., 1990. Growth characteristics of two populations of Mustelus manazo from Japan based upon cross-readings of vertebral bands. In: Elasmobranchs as living resources: Advances in the Biology, Ecology, Systematics, and the Status of Fisheries (PRATT JR., H. L., Gruber, S. H. & Taniuchi, T. eds.) NOAA Report 90.
CLEAVE, A. 1994. Sharks: a portrait of the animal world. ED. Smithmark. 80p.
Yano, K. 1992. Comments on the Reproductive Mode of the false cat shark Pseudotriakis microdon. Copeia(2):460-468.
SEIGEL, J. A., PIETSCH, T. W., ROBINSON, B. H., ABE, T. 1977. Squaliolus sarmenti and S. alii, Synonimys of the Dwarf Deepsea shark, Squaliolus laticaudus. Copeia (4):788-791.
ARMBRUSTER, J. W., 1998. Modifications of the digestive tract for holding air in Loricariid and Scoloplacid catfishes. Copeia, 1998 (3):663-675
NOTARBARTOLA-DI-SCIARA, G., 1985. A revisionary study of the genus Mobula Rafinesque, 1810 (Chondrichthyes: Mobulidae) with the description of a new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 91:1-91.
LUTZ, P. 1999. Haltung und Nachzucht von Potamotrygon leopoldi. Datz.(52):10-13.
STAHL, B. J. 1967. Morphology and relationships of the Holocephali with special reference to the venous system. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 135(3):141-213.
CASTEX, M. N. 1963. Una nueva especie de raya fluvial: Potamotrygon pauchey. Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias. Tomo XLIII:289-294.
SADOWSKY, V. 1971. Notes on the bull shark Carcharhinus leucas in the Lagoon region of Cananéia, Brazil. Bolm. Inst. Oceanogr. 20(2):71-78.
BARCELLOS, B. N., 1963. Ictiofauna marinha do Rio Grande do Sul – Cação galha preta Carcharhunus maculipinnis (Poey, 1865). Bol. I. C. N. no. 20. 13p.
HOFFMAN, G. L., 1960. Synopsis of Strigeoidea (Trematoda) of fishes and their life cycles. Fishery Bulletin 175, 60:439-469.
ANDRÉS, A. V., MUÑOZ-CHAPULI, R., SANS-COMA, V. & GARCIA-CARRIDO, L. 1992. Anatomical Studies of the Coronary System in Elasmobranchs: II. Coronary Arteries in Hexanchoid, Squaloid, and Carcharhinoid Sharks. The Anatomical Record (233):429-439.
THIES, D. 1987. Comments on Hexanchiform Philogeny (Pisces, Neoselachii). Z. Zool. Syst. Evolut.-forsch. (25):188-204.
SOTO, J. M. R. 2000. Revisão da ocorrência de tubarões etmopteríneos na costa brasileira, com dois novos registros de Etmopterus bigelowi Shirai & Tachikawa, 1993 (Chondrichthyes, Dalatiidae, Etmopterinae). Biotemas, 13 (2):167-178.
GOMES, U. L., 1989. A terminologia dentária dos Elasmobranchii Pleurotremata. I-Coroa. Anais do XI Congresso Brasileiro de Paleontologia, Curitiba, Set. 1989 pp.1101-1111.
CAILLIET, G. M., Martin, L. K., Harvey, J. T., Kusher, D. & Welden, B. A., ????. Preliminary studies on the age and growth of blue, Prionace glauca, common thresher, Alopias vulpinus, and shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus, sharks from California waters. ???
GADIG, O. B. F., BEZERRA, M. A. & FURTADO-NETO, M. A. A. 1996. Nota sobre a biologia do Tubarão Carcharhinus perezi (POEY, 1861) (Chondrichthyes, Carcharhinidae) do Nordeste do Brasil. Rev . Nordestina Biol., 11(1):31-36.
STRASBURG, D. W. 1958. Distribution, Abundance, and habits of Pelagic Sharks in the Central Pacific Ocean. Fishery Bulletin (138):335-361.
CASEY, J.G. & KOHLER, N.E. 1992. Tagging studies on the shortfin Mako Shark (Isurus oxyrinchus) in the Western North Atlantic. In “Sharks: Biology and Fisheries”. (Ed. J. G. Pepperell.) Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 43:45-60.
LESSA, R. P. 1988. Premiéres observations sur la biologie reproductive de Rhizoprionodon lalandei (Valenciennes, 1839) (Pisces, Carcharhinidae) de la Côte Nord Du Brésil-Maranhão. Rev. Brasil. Biol., 48(4):721-730.
CLEMENT, J. G. 1992. Re-examination of the fine structure of endoskeletal mineralization in Chondrichthyes: Implications for growth, ageing and calcium homeostasis. In “Sharks: Biology and Fisheries”. (Ed. J. G. Pepperell.) Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 43:157-181.
BRITTO, M. R., 2000. Aspidoras depinnai (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae): A new species from Northeastern Brazil. Copeia (4):1048-1055.
Yano, K., MORISSEY, J. F., YAMABUTO, Y. & NAKAYA, K. 1997. Biology of the Megamouth shark. ED. Tokai University Press. 203p.
kozuck, l. 1993. Shark and shark products in Prehistoric South Florida. ED. Institut of Archaeology and Paleenvironmental Studies. 52p.
ALEXANDER, R. L., 1991. The use of contrast radiography in the study of elasmobranch vascular systems. Copeia, 1991 (3):850-854.
LUCANUS, O. 1999. Magic Carpets: Dispelling the myth of Freshwater Stingrays in the Aquarium. Tropical Fish Hobbyist. (???):116-124.
SELIGSON, S. A. & WEBER, D. J. (????). Alterations in estabilished swimming habits of carcharhinid sharks at the Living Seas Pavilion. Journsl of Aquariculture and Aquatic Sciences. Vol. V(4):105-117.
BARAN, C. A. & ULRICH, G. F. 1994. Sixgill shark, Hexanchus griseus, agressive feeding behavior on epibenthic crabs. The Journal of Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society. 110(1):49-52.
TANIUCHI, T. & GARRICK, J. A. F. 1986. A new species of Scymnodalatias frrom the Southern Oceans, and Comments on Other Squaliform sharks. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology. Vol. 33(2):119-134. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology. Vol. 37(1):10-14.
ROSA, R. S. 1987. plesiotrygon iwamae, a new genus and Species of Neotropical Freshwater Stingray (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae). Copeia (2):447-458.
LAST, P. R. & STEVENS, J. D. 1974. Sharks and Rays of Australia. SCIRO Australia, Division of Fisheries, 513p.
DE ROBERTIS, E.D.P., & DE ROBERTIS, E. M. F. 1985. Bases da Biologia Celular e Molecular.ED. Guanabara. 332p.
JOLLIE, M. 1971. Some Development aspects of the Head Skeleton of the 35-37MM Squalus acanthias Foetus. J. Morph., 133:17-40.
CURRAN, S. & CAIRA, J. N., 1994. Attachment site specificity and the tapeworm assemblage in the spiral intestine of the blue shark (Prionace glauca). J. Parasitol. 81(2):149-157.
BURNE, R. H., M. A., 1923. Some peculiarities of the blood-vascular system of the porbeagle shark (Lamna cornubica). Phylosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, (212):209-257.
WEST, J. G. & CARTER, S. 1991. Observations on the development and growth of the epaulette shark Hemiscyllium ocellatum ( Bonaterre) in captivity. Journal of Aquariculture and Aquatic Sciences. Vol. 5(4):110-117.
TESHIMA, K. & TOMONAGA, S. 1986. Reproduction of Aleutian skate, Bathiraja aleutica with comments on Embryonic Development. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Indo-Pacific Fishes:303-309.
KLIMLEY, A. P., Anderson,S. D., Pyle, P. & Henderson, R. P., 1992. Spatiotemporal patterns of white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) predation at the South Farallon Islands, California. Copeia (3):680-690.
White, e. h. 1988. Fundamentos de química para as Ciências Biológicas. ED. Edgard Blücher.187p.
BENZ, G. W. & Adamson, S. A. M., 1990. Disease caused by Nemesis robusta (van Beneden, 1851) (Eudactylinidae: Siphonostomatoida: Copepoda) infections on gills filaments of thresher sharks (Alopias vulpinus (Bonaterre, 1758)), with notes on parasite ecology and life history. Can. J. Zool. vol.68:1180-1186.
HITZ, C. R. 1964. Observations on Egg Cases of the Big Skate (Raja binoculata GIRARD) Found in Oregon Coastal Waters. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, 21(4):851-854.
COTRAN, R. S. 1999. Robbins pathologic basis of disease.ED.? 6ªED. 1425p.
CAILLIET, G. M. & Bedford, D. W., 1983. The Biology of three pelagic sharks from California waters, and their emerging fisheries: A review. CalCOFI Rep., Vol. XXIV:57-69.
NATANSON, L. J. & Caillet, G. M., 1990. Vertebral growth zone deposition in Pacific Angel sharks. Copeia (4):1133-1145.
SMITH, J. L. B. 1951. A juvenile of the Man-eater, Carcharodon carcharias Linn. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Ser. 12, Vol. IV:729-736.
DEMSKI, L. S., 1991. Neural substrates for photic control of elasmobranches sexual development and behaviour. The Jourrnal of Experimental Zoology Supplement 5:121-129.
LOPES, P. R. D., 1989. Catálogo do peixes marinhos do Laboratório de Ictiologia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Parte I: Chondrichthyes (Rajiformes). Teleostei (Elopiformes a Dactylopteriformes). Revta. Brás. Zool., 6(2):201-217.
MARINI, T.L. 1930. Nueva especie de pez angel, Rhina argentina n. sp. Physis, 10:5-7.
LIGHTOLLER, G. S. 1940. The Musculature of the Mandibular and Hyoid Arches in a Sting-Ray (Trigonothina fasciata).(????????????):355-361.
PHIPPS, M. J. 1996. The world trade in sharks: a copendium of traffic’s regional studies. Vol 1. 456p.
Morales-Aizpurúa, I. C., Tenuta-Filho, A., Sakuma, A. M. & Zenebon, O., 1999. Mercúrio total em cação comercializado em São Paulo, Brasil. Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment. Vol. 19 (3). Scielo (www.scielo.org).
MUHVICH, A. G., Reimschuessel, R., Lipsky, M. M. & Bennett, R. O., 1989. Fusarium solani isolated from newborn bonnethead sharks, Sphyrna tiburo (L.). Journal of Fish Diseases, 12:57-62.
SADOWSKY, V. & AMORIN , A. F. 1977. Primeiro registro de ocorrência da arraia pelagica Dasyatis violacea (Bonaparte, 1832) nas águas do Atlântico Sul Ocidental. Resumos da 29º Reunião SBPC. 29(7):792.
RASMUSSEN, L. E. L. & MURRU, F. L. 1992. Long-term studies of Serum concentrations ofReproductively related steroid hormones in individual captive carcharhinids. In “Sharks: Biology and Fisheries”. (Ed. J. G. Pepperell.) Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 43:273-281.
TESHIMA, K. 1975. Studies on Sharks-VIII. Placentation in Mustelus griseus. Japanes Journal of Ichthyology. Vol. 22(1):7-12.
SADOWSKY, V., AMORIN , A. F., ARFELLI, C. A. 1985. Record of Unusual number of dwarf shark Squalioulus laticaudus off the South coast of Brazill. B. Inst. Pesca 12(4):45-50.
SPRINGER, S. & BURGESS, G. H. 1985. Two new Dwarf Dogsharks (Etmopterus, Squalidae), found off the Caribean Coast of Colombia. Copeia(3):584-591.
PATTERSON, C. F. L. S., 1992. Interpretation of toothplates of chimaeroid fishes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 106:33-61.
DINGERKUS, G. 1986. Interrelationships of orectolobiform sharks (Chondrichthyes: Selachii). Indo-Pacific Fish Biology: proceedings of the Second International Conference on Indo-Pacific Fishes, edited by Uyeno, Arai, Taniuchi & Matsuura. pp. 227-245. Ichthyological Society of Japan, Tokyo.
RICHARDSON, L. R., DAVIDSON, M. M. & WHITE, A. E. 1944. A case of Tortuous Orbital Arteries in Galeorhinus australis Macley. Copeia (1):47-50.
CRESSEY, R. & BOYLE, H. 1978. A new genus and Speciesof Parasitic Copepod (Pandaridae) from a Unique New Shark. Pacific Science. Vol32 (1):25-30.
COOKE, I. R. C., 1980. Functional aspects of the morphology and vascular anatomy of the gills of the Endeavour dogfish, Centrophorus scalpratus (McCulloch) (Elasmobranchii: Squalidae). Zoomorphologie (94):167-183.
SPRINGER, S. 1939. Two new Atlantic species of dog sharks, with a key to thespecies of Mustelus. Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Vol. 86(3058):461-468.
ISHIHARA, H., TANIUCHI, T., SANO, M. & LAST, P. R. 1991. Record of Pristis clavata Garman from the Pentecost River, Western Australia, with Brief Notes on Its Osmoregulation, and Coments on the Systematics of the Pristidae. Univ. Mus., Univ. Tokyo. Nature and Culture(3):83-89.
SOBER, E. 1993. The Nature of Selection. ED. Chicago. 383p.
CAILLIET, G. M., ????. Elasmobranch age determination and verification: An updated review. ???.
CASTEX, M. N. 1963. El genero Potamotrygon en el Parana Medio. Anales del Museo Provincial de Ciencias Naturales “Florentino Ameghino”. TomoII (1):9-77.
ROSA, R. S. 1991. Paratrygon aiereba (Müller & Henle, 1841): The senior synonym of the freshwater stingray Disceus thayeri Garman, 1913 (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae). Revta. Bras. Zoll., 7(4):425-437.
EMERY, S. 1986. hematological Comparisons of Endothermic vs Ectothermic Elasmobranch Fishes. Copeia (3):700-705.
DINGERKUS, G. & KOESTLER, R. J., 1986. Application of scanning electron microscopy to the study of shark dermal denticles. Scanning electron microscopy 2:513-519.
SASAKI, K. & UYENO, T. 1987. Squalioulus aliae, a Dalatiid Shark distinc of S. laticaudus.Japanese Journal of Ichthyology. Vol. 34(3):373-376.
Hazin, F. H. V., Broadhurst, M. K. & Hazin H.G. 2000. Preliminary analysis of the feasibility of transferring new longline technology to small artisanal vessels off northeastern Brazil. Marine Fisheries Review. 62(1)27-34.
OFFICER, R. A., CLEMENT, J. G. & ROWLER, D. K., 1995. Vertebral deformities in a shool shark, Galoerhinus galeus: circumstantial eviedence for endoskeletal resorption? Journal of Fish Biology 46: 85-98.
SMITH, J. L. B. 1952. A New Hound shark from South Africa, and new records. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Ser. 12, Vol. V:223-226.
COMPAGNO, L.J.V. 1984. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of sharks species know to date. Part 1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop., Rome, 4(125):1-250.
LAST, P.R. & GOMON, M. F. 1987. New Australian fishes. Part 15. New species of Trygonopteraand Urolophus (Urolophidae). Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria 48(1):63-72.
GAUDIN, T. J., 1991. A re-examination of Elasmobranch monophyly and Chondrichthyean phylogeny. Jb. Geol. Palaont. Abh. 182(2):133-160.
SADOWSKY, V. 1971. Notes on the bull shark Carcharhinus leucas in the Lagoon region of Cananéia, Brazil. Bolm. Inst. Oceanogr. 20(2):71-78.
EITNER, B. J., 1995. Systematics of the genus Alopias (Lamniformes: Alopiidae) with evidence for the existence of an unrecognized species. Copeia (3):562-571.
REIF, W. E. 1985. Squamation and Ecology of sharks. Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Seckenberg, 78:101p.
SMEDLEY, M. A. 1926. On the Development of the Dog-fish Chiloscyllium indicum (Gmel.). J.Malayan Branch R. Asiatic Soc. 4(1):164-166.
EDMONDS, L. 1992. Angel Sharks and Their Care in Captivity. Tropical Fish Hobbist (?):52-56.
DANIEL, J. F. 1922. The Elasmobranch fishes. ED. University of California Press. 334p.
HUETER, R. E., 1991. Adaptations for spatial vision in sharks. The Journal of Experimental Zoology Supplement, 5:130-141.
PARKER, S. & PARKER J. 1999. The encyclopedia of sharks. ED. Apple. 192p.
SADOWSKY, V. 1968. On the Maesurement of fhe Total lenght of sharks.(???) :?-199.
STAUCH, A. & BLANC, M. 1962. Description D’un selacien Rajiforme des eaux douces du Nord-Cameroun: Potamotrygon garouaensis n. sp. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 34(2): 166-171.
MACGINITIE, G. E., 1947. Notes on the devilfish Mobula lacasana, and its parasites. Copeia (4):276-278.
CORWIN, J. T. 1990. Audition in Elasmobranchs. The Visual System of Fish, charpter 5:81-105
TESHIMA, K. 1973. Studies on Sharks - III. The stage of Placentation and the Umbilical Stalk in Carcharhinus dussumieri. Journal of the Shimonoseki University Of Fisheries, Vol. 21(3):25-30.
HUML, R. A., KHOO, L. H., STOSKOPF, M. K., FORREST, L. J. 1992. Radiographic Diagnosis. (???). Vol 34(3):178-180.
MYRBERG JR., A. A. 1991. Distinctive markings of sharks: Ethological considerations of visual function. The Journal of Experimental Zoology Supplement, 5:156-166.
SADOWSKY, V., AMORIN , A. F., ARFELLI, C. A. 1985. Record of Unusual number of dwarf shark Squalioulus laticaudus off the South coast of Brazill. B. Inst. Pesca 12(4):45-50.
ISHIHARA, H. & NISHIDA, S. 1984. First Record of the Sixgill Stingray Hexatrygon longirostra from Japan. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, Vol.30(4):452-454.
GIÁCOMO, E. E. di, 1992. Distribucion de la poblacion Del pez gallo (Callorhynchus callorhynchus) en el Golfo San Matias, Argentina. Frente Marítimo, 12 (A):113-118.
CASTRO, J. I., Bubucis, P. M. & Overstrom, N. A., 1988. The reproductive Biology of the chain dogfish, Scyliorhinus retifer. Copeia (3):740-746.
STRASBURG, D. W. 1963. The diet and dentition of Isistius brasiliensis, with remarks on tooth replacement in other sharks. Copeia 63:33-40.
SADOWSKY, V. (???). Ocorrência do “Camarupim” – Megalops atlanticus Val., na região Lagunar de Cananéia. (???):61-63.
GARMAN, S. 1997. The Plagiostomia -sharks, skates and rays. ED. Benthic Press.
tanaka, s., cailliet, g. m., yudin, k. g. 1990. Differences in growth of the Blue shark, Prionace glauca: Technique or population?. In: Elasmobranchs as Living Resources: Advances in the Biology, Ecology, Systematics, and the Status of the Fisheries. NOAA Technical report 90:177-187.
BARCELLOS, B. N., 1963. Ictiofauna marinha do Rio Grande do Sul – Zapterix brevirostris (Müller & Henle, 1841). Bol. I. C. N. no. 18:1-40
CASTEX, M. N. & SUILAR, F. 1965. Observaciones sobre un lote de Potamotrygon magdalenae (DUMÉRIL, 1865) (Chondrichthyes, Potamotrygonidae) Physis - Tomo XXV, (70):239-243.
BELL, M. A., 1993. Convergent evolution of nasal structure in sedentary elasmobranches. Copeia (1):144-158.
SHERBURNE, S. 1973. Cell types, differential cell counts, and blood cell measurements of a portuguese shark Centroscymnus coelolepsis, captured at 700 fathoms. Fishery Bulletin: Vol. 71(2):435-439.
SYNDERMAN, M. 1995. Shark: endangered predator of the sea. ED. Key Porter Books. 128p.
PARKER, N. C., GIORGI, A. E., HEIDINGER, R. C., JESTER JR, D. B. PRINCE, E. D. & WINANS, G. A. 1990. Fish- Marking Tecniques. American Fisheries Society Symposium 7.
ARMBRUSTER, J. W. & Page, L. M., 1996. Redescription of Aphanotolurus (Teleostei: Loricariidae) with description of one new species, A. ammophilus, from the Rio Orinoco Basin. Copeia, 1996 (2):379-389.
HARDY, G. S. & STEHMAN, M. 1990. A new deep water ghost shark, Hydrolagus pallidus n.sp. (Holocephali, Chimaeridae), from the Eastern North Atlantic, and redescription of Hydrolagus allinis (Brito Capello, 1867). Arch. FishWiss. 40(3):229-248.
WALKER, T. I. 1992. Fishery model for sharks apllied to the gummy sharks, Mustelus antarcticus Günther, from Southern Australian Waters. In “Sharks: Biology and Fisheries”. (Ed. J. G. Pepperell.) Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 43:195-212.
ACHENBACH, G. M. 1971. Nota acerca de un especimen del Genero Potamotrygon (Chondrichthyes, Potamotrygonidae). Acta Zoologica Lilloana, XXVIII:67-74.
NAKAMURA, I., Inada, T., Takeda, M. & Hatanaka, H., 1986. Important fishes trawled off Patagônia. Japan Marine Fishery Resource Research Center, Tokyo: 58-59.
HUML, R. A., KHOO, L. H., STOSKOPF, M. K., FORREST, L. J. 1992. Radiographic Diagnosis. (???). Vol 34(3):178-180.
TEMPLEMAN, W. 1982. Development, Occurrence and Characteristics of Egg Capsules of the Thorny skate, Raja radiata, in the Northwestern Atlantic. J. Northw. Atl. Fish. Sci., Vol. 3:47-56.
HENNINGSEN, A. D., 1994. Tonic immobility in 12 Elasmobranchs: Use as an Aid in Captive Husbrandry. Zoo Biology, 13:325-332.
GILBERT, P. W. & Oren, M. E., ????. The Selachian nictitans and subocular fold. ???
Sadowsky, V. 1970. First Record of Broad-Snouted Seven-Gilled Shark from Cananéia, Coast of Brazil. Bolm. Inst. Oceanogr. S. Paulo, 18(1):33-35.
VILLE, C. A., WALKER Jr, W. F. & BARNES, R. D. 1988. Zoologia Geral. ED. Guanabara. 6ªed. 683p.
MATTHEWS, D. 1996. Sharks: mysterious killers. ED. Discovery Channel Books. 143p.
Taniuchi, T. & SHIMIZU, M., SANO, M. & BABA, O. 1991. Descriptions of freshwater Elasmobranchs collected from three rivers of Northen Australia. Univ. Mus. Tokyo, Nature and Culture. (3):11-26.
FOWLER, S. L., Manjaji, M. B., Cavanagh, R. D., COMPAGNO, L. J. V., Mycock, S. G. & Last, P. R. 1997. Elasmobranch biodiversity, conservation and management in Sabah (Malaysia).
ABLE, K. W., 1991. Distribution and habitatof chain dogfish, Scyliorhinus retifer, in the mid-Atlantic bight. Copeia, 1991 (1):231-234.
SMITH, S. E. & ABRAMSON, N. J. 1990. Leopard shark Triaks semifasciata Distribuction, Mortality rate, Yield, and Stock Replenishment Estimates Based on a Tagging Study in a San Francico Bay. Fishery Bulletin (88):371-381.
THORSON, T. B. 1983. Observations on the Morphology, Ecology and Life history of the Euryhaline stingray, Dasyatis gutata (Bloch and Schneider)1801. Acta Biol. Venez., 11(4):95-125.
MELOUK, M. A.,1948. On the relationships between the Vertebral Column and the occipital region of the Chondricranium in the Selachii and its Phylogeny significance. Publ. Mar. Biol. St. Ghardaqa. Egypt, 6:46-51.
MENNI, R. C. & Stehmann, M. F. W., 2000. Distribution, environment and biology of batoid fishes off Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil. A review. Rev. Mus. Argentino de Cienc. Nat., 2(1):69-109.
Armbruster, J. W. & Provenzano, F., 2000. Four new species of the suckermouth armored catfish genus Lasiancistrus (Loricariidae: Ancistrinae). Ichthyo. Explor. Freshwaters, vol. 11 (3):241-254.
ELLIS, J. R. & Shackley, S. E., 1995. Notes on porbeagle sharks, Lamna nasus, from the Bristol Channel. Journal of Fish Biology (46):368-370.
BREDER, C. M. 1972. On the Relationship of Teleost Scales to pigment Patterns. Contribuitions from the Mote Marine Laboratory. Vol 1.(1).79p.
THROSON, T. B., COWAN, C. M. & WATSON, D. E. 1967. Potamotrygon spp.: Elasmobranchs with Low Urea Content. Scince, Vol. 158:375-377.
LOPES, P.R.D., SENA, M.P. & OLIVEIRA-SILVA, J.T. 1998. Dez anos (1988-1998) da coleção científica ictiológica do laboratório de ictiologia (Departamento de Ciências Biológicas) da Univarsidade Estadual De Feira de Santana. Sitientibus(18):51-56.
Armbruster, J. W., 1998. Review of the loricariid catfish genus Aphanotorulus and redescription of A. unicolor (Teleostei: Siluriformes). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, vol.8 no.3:253-262
SADOWSKY, V. 1968. On the Maesurement of fhe Total lenght of sharks.(???) :?-199.
VOOREN, C. M. & LESSA, R. 1981. Distribuição e abundância de Elasmobranchios na Plataforma Continental do Rio Grande do Sul. Resumos da 33º Reunião SBPC. 33(7):572.
VOOREN, C. M. & LESSA, R. 1981. Aspectos da reprodução do cação Galeorhinus vitaminicus (Pisces: Lamniformes) com notas sobre a ocorrência de gêmes univitelinicos. Resumos da 33º Reunião SBPC. 33(7):572.
GARRICK, J. A. F., Backus, R. H. & Gibbs Jr., R. H., 1964. Carcharhinus floridanus, the silky shark, a synonym of Carcharhinus falciformis. Copeia (2):369-375.
SPRINGER, V. G. & GARRICK, J. A. F. 1964. A survey of vertebral number in sharks. Proceedings of the United States Nacional Museum. Vol 16(3496):73-96.
MARQUES, A. & Porteiro, F., 2000. Hydromental vent mussel Bathymodius sp. (Mollusca: Mytilidae): Diet item of Hydrolagus affinis (Pisces: Chimareidae). Copeia (3):806-807.
CARVALHO FILHO,A. DE. 1992. Peixes; Costa brasileira. ED. Marca d’Água. 304p.
BARBOSA, F. S. & Gomes, U. L., 1998. Morfologia juvenil de quatro espécies do gênero Raja (Linnaeus, 1758) das regiões Sudeste e Sul do Brasil (Chondrichthyes, Batoidei, Rajidae). Biociências, Porto Aleagre, v.6. n2:125-146.
KOBEGHENOVA,S.S. 1992. Morphology and morphogenesis of the digestive system of some cartilaginous fishes (chondrichthyes).(???) TOM 71, BbIII.10:108-122.
SADOWSKY, V. 1973. Relação dos peixes cartilaginosus. PRGS-II / ParteI:483-488.
BURGESS, G. H. 1992. Stewart Springer (1906-1991). Copeia (2):603-604.
TICER, J. W. 1987. Técnicas radiológicas na prática veterinária. ED. Roca. 2ªED. 523p.
GROVER, C.A. 1972. Predation on egg-cases of the swell shark, Cephaloscyllium ventriosum. Copeia (4): 871-872.
Baranes, A., and A. Ben-Tuvia. 1979. Two rare carcharhinids, Hemipristis elongatus and Iago omanensis from the northern Red Sea. Israel J. Zool. 28:39-50
Sadowsky, V. 1973. First Record of a basking shark Cetorhinus maximus (Gunnerus, 1765) in the Brazilian waters. Bolm Inst. Oceanogr. 22:1-10.
GOVENDER, A., KISTNASAMY, N. & VAN DER ELST, R. P. 1991. Growth of spotted ragged tooth sharks Carcharias taurus (Rafinesque) in Captivity. S. Afr.mar. Sci. 11:15-19.
CLIFF, G. & DUDLEY, S. F. J. 1992. Protection against shark attack in south Africa, 1952-1990. In Sharks: Biology and Fisheries”. (Ed. J. G. Pepperell.) Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 43:263-272.
PARSONS, G. R., 1985. Growth and age estimation of the Atlantic sharpnose shark, Rhizoprionodon terranovae: A comparison of techniques. Copeia (1):80-85.
BEZERRA, M. A., Furtado Neto, M. A. A. & Gadig, O. B. F., 1990. Nota sobre alguns tubarões da Costa Norte e Nordeste do Brasil. An. Soc. Nordest. Zool. (3):301-314.
REGAN, C. T. 1903. On a Collection of fishes made by Dr. Goeldi at Rio Janeiro. P. Z. S. Vol II:59-61.
SMITH, J. L. B. 1957. A New Shark from Zanzibar, with notes on Galeorhinus Blainville. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Ser. 12, Vol. X:585-592.
BALLARD, J. A. 1989. some specimen collecting and transport methods. Bulletin de l’Institut océanographique, Monaco, (5):63-69.
ALSTON, A. et.all. 1995. Sharks: Silent hunters of the deep. ED. Reader’s digest. 208p.
GASPARINI, J. L. & Sazima, I. 1996 A stranded melon-headed whale, Peponocephala electra, in southeastern Brazil, with comments on wounds from the cookiecutter shark, Isistius brasiliensis. Mar. Mammal Sci. 12(2):308-312.
RASCHI, W. & TABIT, C. 1992. Functional aspects of placoid scales: A Review and Update. In “Sharks: Biology and Fisheries”. (Ed. J. G. Pepperell.) Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 43:123-47.
SNELSON Jr, F. F., WILLIAMS-HOOPER, S.E. & SCHMID, T. H. 1988. Reproduction and Ecology of the Atlantic Stingray, Dasyatis sabina, in Florida Coastal Lagoons. Copeia(3):729-739.
ANDRÉS, A. V., MUÑOZ-CHAPULI, R. & SANS-COMA, V. Development of the Coronary Arteries and Cardiac Veins in the Dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula). The Anatomical Record (235):435-442.
BASS, A. J. 1973. Analysis and description of variation in the proporcional dimensions os Scyliorhinid and Sphyrnid sharks. Oceanogr. Res. Inst. Durban. Invest. Rep. No.32:4
COMPAGNO, L. J. V., 1973. Interrelationships of living elasmobranchs. In: Greenwood, P. H., Miles, R. S. & Patterson, C. eds. Interrelationships of fishes. Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 53 (Suppl. 1). Academic Press, London.
BARCELLOS, B. N., 1963. Ictiofauna marinha do Rio Grande do Sul – Arraia borboleta Gymnura altavela (Linnaeus, 1758). Bol. I. C. N. no. 19;1-15.
COOKE, I. R. C., 1980. Functional aspects of the morphology and vascular anatomy of the gills of the Endeavour dogfish, Centrophorus scalpratus (McCulloch) (Elasmobranchii: Squalidae). Zoomorphologie (94):167-183.
SMITH, M. M. & MEEMSTRA, P. C. 1986. order Orectolobiformes. In: Smith’s Sea fishes:64-65.
OGAWA, M. & HIRANO, T. 1982. Studies on the nephron of a freshwater stingray Potamotrygon magdalene. Zoological Magazine. Vol 91(01):101-105.
BRANSTETTER, S., 1987. Age and grouth validation of newborn sharks held in laboratory aquaria, with comments on the life history of the Atlantic sharpnose shark, Rhizoprionodon terranovae. Copeia (2):291-300.
JOLLIE, M. 1971. A theory Conserning the Early Evolution of the Visceral Arches. Acta Zoologica. (52):85-96.
Collyer, R. D. 1953. The bramble shark (Echinorhinus brucus) at Guadalupe Island, Mexico. Calif. Fish and Game 39:266.
COHEN, J. L. 1990. Vision in Elasmobranchs. The Visual System of Fish, charpter 14:445-490.
CARVALHO, M. R., & MAISEY, J. G. 1996. Phylogenetic relationships of the Late Jurassic shark Protospinax WOODWARD 1919 (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii). Mesozoic Fishes – Systematics and Paleoecology, G. Arrantia & G. Viohl (eds.):pp. 9-46.
SMINKEY, T. R. & TABIT, C. R. 1992. Reproductive biology of the chain dogfish, Scyliorhinus retifer , from the Mid-Atlantic Bight. Copeia(1)251-253.
SABAJ, M. H., ARMBRUSTER, J. W. & PAGE, L. M. 1999. Spawning in Ancistrus (Siluriformes: Locaridae) with comments on the evolution of the snout tentacles as a novel reproductive strategy: larval mimicry. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, Vol. 10(3):217-229.
MENNI, R. C. & LESSA, R. P. 1998. The chondrichthyan community off Maranhão (northeastern Brazil). Acta Zoologica Lilloana 44(1):69-89.
SADOWSKY, V. 1973. Relação dos peixes cartilaginosus. PRGS-II / ParteI:483-488.
EL-TOUBI, M. R. 1947. The development of the spiracular cartilages of the spiny dogfish, Acanthias vulgaris (Squalus acanthias). Biological Bulletin Woods Hole.(¿???):287-295.
ELLIS, J. R. & Shackley, S. E., 1997. The reproductive Biology of Scyliorhinus canicula in the Bristol Channel, U. K. Journal of Fish Biology (51):361-372.
AU, D. W. & SMITH, S. E. 1997. A demographic method with population density compensation for estimating productivity and yield per recruit of the leopard shark ( Triakis semifasciata). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 54:415-420.
SMITH, H. M. 1911. The Squaloid sharks of the Philipine Arquipelago, with descriptions of new genera and species. Proceedings U. S. National Museum, Vol. 41(1877):677-685.
HENNINGSEN, A. D., 2000. Notes on reproduction in the Southern stingray Dasyatis Americana (Chondrichthyes: Dasyatidae), in a captive environment. Copeia, 3:826-828.
THOMPSON, M. W., MCINNES, R. R., & WILLARD, H. F. 1993. Genética Médica. ED. Guanabara Koogan. 5ªed. 339p.
LUND, R. 1977. New informations on the Evolution of the Bradyodont Chondrichthyes. Fieldiana: Geology, Vol 33(28):521-539.
HARRYS, J. E. 1938. The dorsal spine of Cladoselache. Sci. Pub. C. M. N. H. Vol VIII(1):1-12.
ABE, T. 1962. A Record of a Little Squaloid Shark, Squalioulus laticaudus, from Suruga Bay. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology. Vol VIII (5/6):147-151.
SOTO, J. M. R. 2000. Segundo registro de tubarão-dente-de-agulha Carcharhinus isodon (Valenciennes, 1839) (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhinidae) no atlântico Sul Ocidental. Comum. Mus. Ciênc. Tecnol. PUCRS. Sér. Zool. Porto Alegre, 13:105-108.
BAHAMONDE, N. 1950. Alimentacion del Peje-Galo (Callorhynchus callorhynchus). Investigaciones Zoologicas Chilenas (1):4-6.
Espécie nova de Rajídeo (Chondrichthyes, Rajiformes) do Atlântico Sul Ocidental.
CROW, G. L. & BROCK, J. A., HOWE, J. C. & LINNON, B. E. 1991. Shark Bite of the Valvular Intestine: The Cause of an Acute Mortality Syndrome of Captive Blacktip Reef Dharks, Carcharhinus melanopterus. Zoo Biology 10: 457-463.
MORENO, J. A. & MORÓN, J.1992. Reproductive Biology of the Bigeye Thresher shark, Alopias superciliosus (Lowe, 1839). In “Sharks: Biology and Fisheries”. (Ed. J. G. Pepperell.) Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 43:77-86.
BLYTE, B., HELFRICH, L. A., BEAL, W. E., BOSWORTH, B. & LIBEY, G. S. 1994. determination of Sex and maturational status of stiped bass (Morone saxatilis) using ultrasonic imaging. Auqculture (125):175-184.
SMEDLEY, M. A. 1927. On the Development of the Dogfish Scyllium marmoratum Benn.,and allied Species. J. Malayan Branch R. Asiatic Soc. 5:355-359.
Sadowsky, V. 1971. Estudo Economico sobre los Elasmobranquios de la zona Litoral Paulista. Carpas/ 5/ D. Téc.1:1-11.
BITTNER, A. 1971. Serumosmolalität und Haematokritwert von amazonischen SüBwasserrochen (Potamotrigonidae) bei Adaptation na Salzwsser. Amazoniana. Vol, 6. (4):445-449.
LESSA, R.P. & ALMEIDA, Z. 1998. Feeding habits of the bonnethead shark Sphyrna tiburo, from the Northen Brazil. Cybium, 22(4):383-394.
Jones, B. C., and G. H. Geen. 1977. Observations on the brown catshark, Apristurus brunneus (Gilbert), in British Columbia waters. Syesis 10:169-170.
GOMES, U. L., & CARVALHO, M. R. 1995. Egg capsules of Schroederichthys tenuis and Scyliorhinus haechelii (Chondrichthyes, Scyliorhinidae). Copeia(1):232-236.
Yano, K. 1991. Catch distribution, stomach contents, and size at maturity of two squaloid sharks,Deania calceus and D. crepidalbus, from the southeast Atlantic off Namibia. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Fish. Oceanogr. 55:189-196.
Yano, K. 1992. Comments on the Reproductive Mode of the false cat shark Pseudotriakis microdon. Copeia(2):460-468.
SOTO, J. M. R. & NISA-CASTRO-NETO, W. 2000. Sobre a presença do tubarão-baleia Rhincodon typus Smith, 1829 (Chondrichthyes, Rhincodontidae) na costa brasileira. Biociências, Porto Alegre, 8 (2):137-152.
MALLAT, J. 1984. Early vertebrate evolution: pharyngeal structure and the origin of gnathostomes. J. Zool. Lond.(204):169-183.
NORMAN, S. R., 1937. Coast fishes. Part II. The Patagonian Region. Discovery Reports 16:35-36.
SMITH, J. L. B. 1967. The Lizard shark Clamidoselachus anguineus Garman, in South Africa. Department of Ichthiology Rhodes University. Ocasional Paper Nº 10:105-114.
Ebert, D. A. 1989. Life history of the sevengill shark, Notorynchus cepedianus Peron, in two northern California bays
Notarbartolo-di-sciara, G. & HILLYER, E. 1989. Mobulid Rays off Eastern Venezuela (Chondrichthyes, Mobulidae). Copeia (3):607-614.
STOFFREGEN, D. A. & ANDERSON, W. I. 1990. A Myxosporidian parasite in the skeletal muscle of a bblack-tip shark, Carcharhinus melaopterus. Journal of Fishes Deseases (13):549-552.
VLADYKOV. V. D. & FOLLETT, W. I. 1967. Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Vol. 24(5):1068-1076
SADOWSKY, V., AMORIN , A. F., ARFELLI, C. A. 1984. Second occurrence of Odontaspis noronhai (Maul, 1955). B. Inst. Pesca 11(único):69-79.
WELDEN, B. A., CAILLIET, G. M. & FLEGAL, A. R. 1987. Comparision of radiometric with vertebral band ge estimates in four California Elasmobranchs. In: The Age and Growth of Fish.:301-315.
JOHNSON, A. G. HORTON, H. F., 1972. Length-weight relationship, food habits, parasites, and sex age determination of the ratfish Hydrolagus colliei (Lay & Bennett). Fishery Bulletin, 2:421429.
CARRIER, J. C. & LUER, C. A., 1990. Growth rates in the nurse shark, Gynglimostoma cirratum. Copeia (3):686-692.
SINDERMANN, C. J. & HONEY, K. 1964. Serum Hemagglutinins of the Winter Skate, Raja ocellata Mitchill, from the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Copeia (1):139-145.
SIVAK, J. G. 1991. Elamobranch Visual Optics. The Journal of Experimental Zoology Supplement 5:13-21.
WALSH, M. T., PIPERS, F. S., BRENDEMUEHL, C. A. & MURRU, F. L. 1993. Ultrasonography as a diagnosti tool in shark species. (???). Vol.34(3):213-218.
CARVALHO, M.R. 1994. Psammobatis extenta (Garman, 1913) a senior synonym of Psammobatis glansdissimilis McEachran, 1983 (Chondrichthyes, Rajidae). Copeia, (4):1029-1033.
REIF, W. E. 1976. Morphogenesis, pattern formation and function of the dentition of Heterodontus (Selachii). Zoomorphologie 83:1-47.
TESHIMA, K., MIZUE, K. & KOGA, S. 1974. Studies on Sharks - VII. Reproduction in Female Mustelus griseus. Journal of the Shimonoseki University Of Fisheries, Vol. 22(3):85-92.
GOMES, U. L., & REIS, M. A. F. 1991. Considerações sobre a dentição de Rhizoprionodon lalandii (Valenciennes, 1839) e Rhizoprionodon porosus (POEY, 1861) (Elamobranchii, Carcharinidae) Parte I. Morfologia, Padrão Dentário e Heterodontia. An. Acad. Bras. Ci., 63 (3):285-305.
Taniuchi, T. 1988. Aspects of reproduction and food habits of the Japanese swellshark, Cephaloscyllium umbratile from Choshi, Japan. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 54:627-633.
CAREY, F. G., kanwisher, j. w., brazier, o., gabrielson, g., casey, j. g. & pratt jr., h. l. 1982. Temperature and Activities of a White shark, Carcharodon carcharias. Copeia, (2):254-260.
SADOWSKY, V., AMORIN , A. F., ARFELLI, C. A. 1986. First Record of Broadbanded lantern shark Etmopterus gracilispinis Kreft, 1968 (Squalidae), in the Brazilian waters. B. Inst. Pesca. 12(3): 1-4.
ALEXANDER, R. L.,1995. Evidence of a counter-current heat exchanger in the ray Mobula tarapacana (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii: Batoidea: Myliobatiformes). J. Zool., Lond. (1995) 237, 377-384.
BOR, P. H. F., 1989. Het eikapsel van Raja (Rajella) fyllae Lüttken, 1988: Nieuw voor de Nederlandse kust. Het Zeepaard , Jaargang, 49 (2):40-42.
APPLEGATE, S. 1965. Tooth terminology and Variation in sharks with special reference to the sand shark, Carcharias taurus Rafinesque. Contribuitions in Science (86):3-17.
GIÁCOMO, E. E. di & Perier, M. R.,1996. Feeding habits of cockfish, Callorhynchus callorhynchus, (Holocephali: Callorhynchidae), in Patagonian waters (Argentina). Mar. Freshwater Res. 47:801-808.
SOTO, J. M. R. 1999. Sobre a presença de tubarões hexanquídeos (Chondrichthyes, Hexanchiformes) no Sudoeste do Atlântico. Acta Biologica Leopoldensia, vol. 21, (2):241-251.
HUBBS, C. L. & MCHUGH, J. L. 1919. Pacific sharpnose shark (Scoliodon longurio) in California and Baja California. California Fish and Game.(?):7-11.
MCEACHRAN, J. D. & Miyake, T., 1988. A new species of skate from the Gulf of California (Chondrichthyes, Rajoidei). Copeia (4):877-886.
CAVALCANTI, M. J., GOMES, U. L. & TOMÁS, A. R. G. 1996. Discriminação morfologica entre Rhizoprionodon porosus (POEY, 1861) e Rhizoprionodon lalandi (vALENCIENNES, 1839) (Elasmobranchii, Carcharhiniformes, Carcharhinidae): um estudo multivarriado. Acta Biológica Leopoldensia. Vol18 (2):103-118.
TAYLOR, W. R. 1967. Na Enzyme Method of Cleaning and Staining Small Vertebrates. Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Vol. 122(3596):1-16.
FIGUEIREDO, J. L. 1977. Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil. I. Introdução. Cações, raias e quimeras. São Paulo, Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, 104p.
RAJ, B. S. 1914. note on the breeding of Chiloscylium griseum , Müll. And Henle. Rec. Ind. Mus. Calcutta 10:318-319.
PEPPERELL, J. G. 1992. Sharks: Biology and Fisheries. ED. CSIRO. 349p.
MYAGKOV, N. A. & KONDYURIN, V.V. 1981. On the problem of subdivision of sharks of the genus Squalus ( Squalidae, Squaliformes) into groups. (???):1734-1736.
SADOWSKY, V. 1971. First record of the ocurrence of na adult Hammerhead shark (Sphyrna mokarran) in Southern brasilian waters. Contrções. Inst. Oceanogr. Univ. S. Paulo, sér. Ocean. Biol. (24):1-3.
COX, D. L. & KOOB, T. J. (19??). Predation on eggs of the little skate (Raja erinacea) in the Gulf of Maine. Bull. Of the Mount Desert Island Biol. Lab. (30): 123-123.
LESSA, R., Santana, f.m. & paglerani, r. 1999. Age, growth and stock structure of the oceanic whitetip sharks, Carcharhinus longimanus, from the southwestern equatorial Atlantic. Fisheries Research, 42:21-30.
THIES, D. 1981. Vier neue Neoselachier-Haiarten aus der NW-deustchen Unterkreide. N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Mh. H.8:475-486.
GILBERT, S. G. 1997. Pictorial Anatomy of the Dogfish. ED. University of Washington Press. 59p.
BRANSTETTER, S. 1993. Conservation Biology of Elasmobranchs. ED. U. S. Department of Commerce. 99p.
SPRINGER, S. 1965. A review of Western Atlantic cat shraks, Scyliorhinidae, with descriptions of a new genus and five new species. Fishery Bulletin. Vol. 65(3):581-624.
Ebert, D. A., Compagno, L. J. V., and P. D. Cowley. 1992. A preliminary investigation of the feeding ecology of squaloid sharks off the west coast of southern Africa. S. Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 12:601-609.
LESSA, R., paglerani, r. & Santana, f.m. 1999. Biology and morphometry of the oceanic withetip shark, Carcharhinus longimanus (Carcharhinidae), off North-Eastern Brazil. Cybium, 23(4):353-368.
COMPAGNO, L. J. V. & STEVENS, J. D. 1993. Atelomycterus fasciatus n.sp., a New Catfish (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) from Tropical Australia. Records of the Australian Museum, Vol45:147-169.
SAMPAIO, C. L. S. & CASTRO, J. O. 1998. Registro de Phoebetria palpebrata (Foster, 1785) no Litoral da Bahia, Nordeste do Brasil (Procelariformes: Diomedeidae). Ararajuba 6(2):136-137.
TAYLOR, G. 1994. Whale sharks the giants of Ningaloo reef. ED. Angus & Robertson. 176p.
DUNN, K. & MORISSEY, J. F. 1995. Molecular Phylogeny of Elasmobranchs. Copeia (3):526-531
TANAKA, S. 1976. Facial nerve of the shark (Mustelus manazo) and its coparison with the Glossopharyngeal nerve. Acta Anatomica Nipponica 51:1-16.
SOTO, J. M. R. 1997. Tubarões e raias (Chondrichthyes) encontrados no arquipélago Fernando de Noronha durante as expedições ARFENOR I e II. Alcance, Itajaí, ano IV, (2):71-80.
STANFORD-DEITSCH, J. 1988. Shark a photographer’s story. ED. Eddison-Sadd. 200p.
CAILLIET, G. M., 1992. Demography of the Central California population of the leopard shark (Triakis semifasciata). Aust. J. Mar. Freshwater Res. 43:183-193.
KOBEGHENOVA,S.S. 1992. Morphology and morphogenesis of the digestive system of some cartilaginous fishes (chondrichthyes).(???) TOM 71, BbIII.10:108-122.
FENNER, R. 1997. A diversity of Aquatic Life. The Freshwater Stingray of the Family Potamotrygonidae. Tropical Fish Hobbist.(???):18-29.
HAMLET, W. C., FERRI, A. G. & MIGLINO, M. A. (?). Reproduction in Elasmobranchs of the Brazil.(?):3-17.
CORTÉS, E. & GRUBER, S. H., 1990. Diet, feeding habitats and estimates of daily ration of Young lemon sharks, Negaprion brevirostris (Poey). Copeia 1:204-218.
ACHENBACH, G. M. 1972. Algunos aspectos en la respiracion de la raya fluvial (Chondrichthyes, Potamotrygon). Acta Zoologica Lilloana, XXIX:107-119.
ANSELL, A. D. 1961. Egg capsules of the dogfish ( Scylliorhinus canicula, Linn.) bored by Natica. (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia). Proceedings of the Malacological Society. Vol 34:248-249.
JONES, E. C., 1971. Isistius brasiliensis, a squaloid shark, the probable cause of crater wounds on fishes and cetaceans. Fishery Bulletin. 69(4):791-798.
YEARSLEY, G. K. & LAST, P.R. 1992. Pavoraja (Insentiraja) laxipella, a new subgenus and species of skate (Chondrichthyes:Rajoidei) from the Western Pacific. Copeia(3):839-850.
MAISEY, J. G. 1985. Relatioships of the Megamouth shark, Megachasma. Copeia(1):228-231.
LUND, R. 1977. A new petalodont (chondrichthyes, bradyodonti) from the upper Mississipian of Montana. Annals of Carnegie Museum. Vol 46:129-155.
Armbruster, J. W., 1998. Phylogenetic Relationships of the Suckermouth Armored Catgishes of the Rhinelepis Group (Loricariidae: Hypostominae). Copeia, 1998 (3):620-636
MORRISSEY, J. F. & Gruber, S. H., 1993. Home range of juvenile lemon sharks Negaprion brevirostris. Copeia (2):425-434.
FOWLER, S.L., Manjaji, M.B., Cavanagh, R.D., Compagno, L.V., Mycock, S.G. & Last, P.R. 1999. Elasmobranch biodiversity, Conservation and Managenment in Sabah (Malaysis). Proc. 5th Indo-Pac. Fish. Conf Nouméa, Séret B. & J. Y. Sire, eds Paris: Soc. Fr. Ichtyol., 257-269
ARMBRUSTER, J. W. & Page, L. M., 1996. Convergence of a cryptic saddle pattern in benthic freshwater fishes. Environm Biol. Fishes. 45: 249-257.
Ebert, D. A., Cowley, P. D., and L. J. V. Compagno. 1996. A preliminary investigation of the feeding ecology of catsharks (Scyliorhinidae) off the west coast of southern Africa. S. Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 17:233-240.
LESSA, R.P.T. 1987. Aspectos da biologia do cação quati Isognphodon oxyrhyncus (Müller & Henle, 1839) (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhinidae), das reentrâncias Maranhenses. Boletim de Ciências do Mar (44):1-18.
KONDJURIN, V.V. & MYAGKOV, N.A. (????). On taxonomic status of Squalus acutispinnis Regan, 1908 (Saqualidae, Squaliformes) from the South African Waters.(????):1604-1606.
TESHIMA, K., CHEN, CHE-TSUNG. & MIZUE, K. 1976. Studies on Sharks-IX. Ovary and Oogenesis in Selachians. Journal of the Shimonoseki University Of Fisheries, Vol. 25(1):41-45.
HENNINGSEN, A. D., 1996. Captive husbandry and bioenergetics of the spiny butterfly ray, Gymnura altavela, (Linnaeus). Zoo Biology, 15:135-142.
SHIRAI, S., HAGIWARA, S. & Nakaya, K. 1992. Scyliorhinus tokubee sp. Nov. from Izu Peninsula, Southern Japan (Scyliorhinidae, Elasmobranchii). Japanese Journal of Ichthyology. Vol 39(1):9-16.
CARTMELL, B. C. 1978. Let’s go fossil shark tooth hunting. ED. National Science Research. 75p.
SMITH, J. W. & MERRINER, J. V. 1985. Food Habits and Feeding Behavior of the Cownose Ray, Rhinoptera bonasus, in Lower Chesapeake Bay. Estuaries Vol 8(3):305-310.
MCEachran, j. d. & katherine, a. d. 1998. Phylogenetic Analysis of Skates, a Morphologically Conservative Clade of Elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes, Rajidae). Copeia, (2):271-290
THORSON, T. B. & WATSON, D. E. 1976. Resignment of the African Freshwater Stingray, Potamotrygon garouaensis, to the Genus Dasyatis, on Phisiologic and Morphologic Grounds. Copeia(4):701-712.
QUINN, T. P. & MILLER, B. S. Depth distribuction and seasonal and diel movements of ratfish, Hidrolagus colliei, in Puget Sound , Washington. Fishery Buletin. Vol 78(3):816-821
GOMES, U. L., & PARAGÓ, C. 2001. Espécie nova de Rajídeo (Chondrichthyes, Rajiformes) do Atlântico Sul Ocidental. Bol. Mus. Nac., N.S., Zool.,(448):1-10.
HUBBS, C. L. & L. R. TAYLOR,JR. 1969. Data on the life hystory and Characters of Galeus piperatus, a dwarf shark of the Golfo de California. FiskDir. Skr. Ser. HavUnders (15):310-330.
LUND, R. 1986. On Damocles serratus, nov. gen. Et sp. (Elasmobranchii: Cladodontida) from the upper Mississipian Bear Gulch Limestone of Montana. JVP 6(1):12-19.
GILMORE, R. G., DODRILL, J. W. & LINLEY, P. 1983. Reproduction and embryonic development of the sand tiger shark, Odontaspis taurus (Rafinesque). Fishery Bulletin. Vol 81(2):1983.
PEQUEÑO, G. 1989. Peces de Chile. Rev. Biol. Mar. 24(2):11-24.
HAMDY, A. R. 1961. The development of the branchial arches of Rhinobatus halavi. Publ. Mar. Biol. Sta., Al-Ghardaqa, Egypt (11):207-213.
SADOWSKY, V., ARFELLI, C. A., AMORIN , A. F. 1985. First record of porbeagle, Lamna nasus ( Bonaterre, 1788), in the Brazilian Atlantic. B. Inst. Pesca. 12(2):49-53.
MORENO, J. A. & MORÓN, J. 1992. Comparative study of the genus Isurus (Rafinesque, 1810), and description of a form (“Marrajo Criollo”) apparently endemic to the Azores. In “Sharks: Biology and Fisheries”. (Ed. J. G. Pepperell.) Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 43:109-122.
LESSA, R., Santana, f.m. & MENNI, R. 1999. Population structure and reproductive biology of the smalltail shark ( Carcharhinus porosus) off Maranhão (Brazil). Mar. Freshwater Res. (50):393-388.
HEUPEL, M. R. & Bennett, M. B., 1997. Histology of dart insertion sites in the epaulette shark. Journal of Fish Biology, 50:1034-1041.
Ebert, D. A. 1994. Diet of the sixgill shark Hexanchus griseus off southern Africa. S. Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 14:213-218.
raschi, w., musick, j. a. & compagno, l.j.v. 1982. Hypoprion bigelowi, a Synonym of Carcharhinus signatus (Pisces: Carchahinidae), with a description of Ontogenetic Heterondonty in this species and notes on its Natural History. Copeia, (1):102-109.
LESSA, R., BATISTA, V. & ALMEIDA, Z. 1999. Ocurrence and biology of the daggernose shark isogonphodon oxyrhynchus (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhinidae) off the Maranhão coast (Brazil). Bulletin of Marine Science, 64(11):115-128.
WHITLEY, G. P. 1938. the Eggs of Austrailan sharks and Rays. The Ausrtralian Museum Magazine:372-382.
LASSO, C.A., A. RIAL B. & O. LASSO-ALCAIÁ. 1996. Notes on the biology of the freshewater stingray Paratrygon aiereba (Müller & Henle, 1841) and Potamotrygom orbignyi (Castelnau, 1855) (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae)in the Venezuelan llanos. Aqua Vol 2(3):39-50.
JOUNG, SHOOU-JENG & CHE-TSUNG CHEN. 1995. Reproduction in the sandbar shark, Carcharhinus plumbeus, in the waters off Northeastern Taiwan. Copeia(3):659-665.
Carrera, R. 1991. Los tiburones del Uruguay (Reconocimiento y aspectos biológicos). Museo Damaso Antonio Larranãga, Ser. Divulgación, 3, 103 p.
ISELSTÖGER, H. (???). Das Neurocranium von Rhina squatina und einige Bermerkungen über ihre systematische Stellung. (???):349-394.
KEITHAN, E. D., MA, J. Y. & RASCHI, W. 1992. Tendon structure of the caudal fin in the BlueShark, Prionace glauca. In “Sharks: Biology and Fisheries”. (Ed. J. G. Pepperell.) Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 43:149-156.
MARINI, T.L. 1936.Revision de las especies de la familia Squatinidae en las aguas argentinas (Squatina guggenhein n. sp.). Physis, 12:19-30.
BALLARD, R. D. 1991. Segredos do Mar. ED. Klick. 278p.
FARREL, A. P. & RANDALL, D. J. 1994. Fish Physiology. ED. Academic Press. Vol. VIII. 518p.
LESSA, R., Santana, f.m. 1998. Age determination and growth of the smalltail shark, Carcharhinus porosus, from the Southern Brazil. Mar. Freshwater Res.,(48):705-711.
NILSEN, L. A. 1992. Methods of marking fish and shellfish. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 23.
GADIG, O. B. F., 1998. Peixes cartilaginosos da Costa do Estado de São Paulo. Ceciliana, VIII (9):41-51.
THOMASON, J. C., CONN, W., LE COMTE, E. & DAVENPORT, J. 1996. Effect of temperature and photoperiod on the growth of the embryonic dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula. Journal of Fish Biology (49):739-742.
BASS, A. J. & COMPAGNO, J.L.V. 1986. Family Nº 19: Odontaspididae. In: Smith’s Sea fishes:104-105
EDwards, a. j. & lubbock, h. r. 1982. The shark populaton of Saint Paul’s Rocks.Copeia, (1):223-225.
SAGE, M., JACKSON, R. G., KLESH, W. L. &VLAMING, V. L. 1972. Growlth and seasonal distribuction of the Elamobranch Dasyatis sabina. Contributions in Marine Science, Vol. 16:72-74.
THORSON, T. B., BROOKS, D. R. & MAYES, M. A. (???). The Evolution of the Freshwater Adaptation in Stingrays. National Geographic Society Research Reports, Vol. 15:663-694.
TAYLOR, L. R.1997. Sharks & Rays. ED. Nature Company Guide. 288p.
SÉRET, B. & ORSTOM, A. 1995. Premiére capture d’un requin grande guele (Chondrichthyes, Megachasmidae) dans L’atlantique, au Large du Sénégal. Cybium 19(4):425-427.
SMITH, J. L. B. 1951. A New Galeorhinid shark from the South Africa, with notes on other species.Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Ser. 12, Vol. IV:86-93.
CAILLIET, G. M. 1992. Demography of the Central California population of the Leopardshark (Triakis semifasciata). In “Sharks: Biology and Fisheries”. (Ed. J. G. Pepperell.) Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 43:183-193.
GILMORE, R. G., 1983. Observations on the embryos of the longfin mako, Isurus paucus, and the bigeye thresher, Alopias superciliosus. Copeia (2):375-382.
CLARK, E. 1947. Notes on the inflating power of the swell shark, Cephaloscyllium uter. Copeia (4):278-280.
CAILLIET, G. M., Martin, L. K., Kusher, D., Wolf, P. & Welden, B. A., ????. Techniques for Enhancing vertebral bands in age estimation of California elasmobranches. ???
LESSA, R., Santana, f.m., BATISTA, V., & ALMEIDA, Z. 2000. Age and growth of the daggernose shark, Isogonphodon oxyrhynchus, from the Southern Brazil. Mar. Freshwater Res.,(51):339-347.
LESSA, R. & VOOREN, C.M. (???). Elasmobranch life cicles and the human factor in the coastal waters of south Brazil. (????):71.
SPRINGER, S. 1971. Three species of skates (Rajidae) from the Continental Waters of Antartica. In: Biology of the Atartic Seas IV:1-9.
Sheehan, T. F. 1998. First Record of the Ragged-tooth Shark, Odontaspis ferox, off the U.S. Atlantic Coast. Marine Fisheries Review, 60(1):33-34.
IZAWA, K. & SHIBATA, T. 1993. A young basking shark, Cetorhinus maximus, from Japan. Japan J. ichthiol. 40(2):237-245.
LEKNES, I. L. & Sætersdal, T. S., 1980. On the ultraestructure of the sinus venous in Chimaera monstrosa L. (Elasmobranchii: Holocephali). Zoomorphology, 96:183-189.
SHIRAI, S. 1996. Phylogenetic Interrelationships of the Neoselachians (Chondrichthyes: Euselachii). In: (????):9-29.
RANDALL, J.E. 1992. Review of the biology of the tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier). In “Sharks: Biology and Fisheries”. (Ed. J. G. Pepperell.) Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 43:21-31. *RANDALL, J.E. 1986. Sharks of Arabia. ED. Immel. 148p.
SPRINGER, S. 1948. Oviphagous Embryos of the sand shark, Carcharias taurus. Copeia(3):153-157.
GUDGER, E. W., 1949. Natural history notes on tiger sharks, Galeocerdo tigrinus, caught at Key West, Florida, with emphasis on food and feeding habits. Copeia (1):39-47.
CHIARAMONTE, G. E. & PEITOVELLO, A. D. 2000. The biology of the Mustelus schmitti in Southern Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of Fish Biology (57):930-942.
RINCÓN, G., STEHMANN, M. F. W. & VOOREN, C. M. 2001. Results of the research cruises of FRV ‘Walter Hrwig’ to South America. LXXIV. Benthobatis kreffti n. sp. (Chondrichthyes, Torpediniformes, Narcinidae), a new deep-water eletric ray from off South Brazil and the Third Species of the genus. Arch. Fish. Mar. Res. 49(1):45-60.
CAILLIET, G. M., Martin, L. K., Kusher, D., Wolf, P. & Welden, B. A., ????. Techniques for Enhancing vertebral bands in age estimation of California elasmobranches. ???
HERMAN, J., HOVESTADT-EULER, M., HOVESTADT, D. C. & STEHMAN, S. 1999. Contributions to the study of the comparative morphology of teeth and other relevant ichthyodorulites in living supraspecific taxa of Chondrichthyan fishes. Biologie. Vol 69:161-200.
GOMES, U. L., Lima, M. C., Paragó, C. & Quintans, A. P. 1997. Catálogo das Coleções Ictiológicas do Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, UERJ. Gráfica da UERJ. 185 p.
BROWN, C. A. & GRUBER, S. H., 1988. Age assessment of the Lemon Shark, Negaprion brevirostris, using Tetracycline validated vertebral centra. Copeia, 1988 (3):747-753.b
PRATT JR, H. L. 1988. Elasmobranch Gonad Structure: A description and Survey. Copeia (3):719-729.
SADOWSKY, V. & AMORIN , A. F. 1977. Primeiro registro de ocorrência da arraia pelagica Dasyatis violacea (Bonaparte, 1832) nas águas do Atlântico Sul Ocidental. Resumos da 29º Reunião SBPC. 29(7):792.
ROSA, R. S. 1985. Further comment on the nomenclature of the freshwater stingray Elipesurus spinicauda Schomburgk, 1843 (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae). Revta bras. Zool. 3(1):27-31.
MIRANDA-RIBEIRO, A., 1907. Callorhynchus callorhynchus L. Boletim Musu Nacional RJ, 4(3):47-48.
SHIRAI, S. & K. Nakaya. 1992. Funcional morphology of feeding apparatus of the cookie-cutter shark, Isistius brasiliensis (Elasmobranchii, Dalatiinae). Zoological Science 9:811-821.
GORDON, I. 1992. A new record extending the southerly distribution of the shark ray (Rhina ancylostomus), and notes on the behaviour of the specimen in captivity. In “Sharks: Biology and Fisheries”. (Ed. J. G. Pepperell.) Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 43:319-323.
VOOREN, C. M. & DA SILVA, K. G. 1991. On the Taxonomy of the Angel sharks from the Southern Brazil, with the description of Squatina occulta sp.n. Rev. Brasil. Biol., 51(3):589-602.
Lucena, C.A.S. & Lucena, Z.M.S. 1981. Catálogo de peixes marinhos do Museu de Ciêncas daPontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Elasmobranchiomorphi. Teleostomi (1ª parte). Comum. Mus. Ci. PUCRGS 21:1-66.
GILBERT, C. R., 1967. A revision of the hammerhead sharks (Family Sphyrnidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 119 no. 3539 98pp.
BARCELLOS, B. N., 1963. Ictiofauna marinha do Rio Grande do Sul – Zapterix brevirostris (Müller & Henle, 1841). Bol. I. C. N. no. 18:1-40
NAYLOR, G. J. P., 1992. The phylogenetic relationships among requiem and hammerhead sharks: inferring phylogeny when thousands of equality most parsimonious trees result. Cladistics, 8:295-318.
Euzen, O. 1987. Food habits and diet composition of some fish of Kuwait. Kuwait Bulletin of Marine Science 1987:65-85
LAST, P.R. 1987. New Australian fishes. Part 14. Two new species of Dasyatis (Dasyatidae). Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria 48(1):57-61.
GIÁCOMO, E. E. di., Parma, A. M. & Orensanz, J. M., 1994. Food consumption by the cock fish, Callorhynchus callorhynchus (Holocephali: Callorhynchidae), from Patagonia (Argentina). Environmental Biology of Fishes 40:199-211.
RICHTER, M. 1987. Osteichthyes e Elasmobranchii (Pisces) da Bacia de Pelotas, Quaternário do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Paula-Coutiana(1):17-37.
YUDIN, K. G. & CAILLIET,G M. 1990. Age and growth of the Gray Smoothhound, Mustelus californicus and the brown Smoothhound, M. henlei, sharks from Central California Copeia(1):191-204.
SADOWSKY, V. 1970. On the Dentition of the sand shark Odontaspis taurus, from the Vicinity of Cananéia, Brazil. Bolm. Inst. Oceanogr. 18(1):37-44.
ISHIHARA, H. TANIUCHI, T. & SHIMIZU, M. 1991. Sexual Dimorphism in Number of Rostral Teeth in the Sawfish. Pristis microdon Collected from Australia and Papua Nova Guinea.
CAILLIET, G. M. & Tanaka, S., 1990. In: Elasmobranchs as living resources: Advances in the Biology, Ecology, Systematics, and the Status of Fisheries (PRATT JR., H. L., Gruber, S. H. & Taniuchi, T. eds.) NOAA Report 90.
SADOWSKY, V. (???). Ocorrência do “Camarupim” – Megalops atlanticus Val., na região Lagunar de Cananéia. (???):61-63.
SOARES, J. L. 1990. O Rastro da Vida. ED. Moderna. 11ªed. 96p.
SCHAROLD, J. & GRUBER, S. H. 1991. Telemetered haert rate as a measure of Metabolic rate in the Lemon Shark, Negaprion brevirostris. Copeia, (4):942-953.
Sadowsky, V. 1970. First Record of Broad-Snouted Seven-Gilled Shark from Cananéia, Coast of Brazil. Bolm. Inst. Oceanogr. S. Paulo, 18(1):33-35.
HEEMSTRA, P. C., 1969. A taxonomic study of the smooth dogfishes (Mustelus spp., Squaliformes: Carcharhinidae) in the Western Atlantic Ocean. TESE. University of Miami (Master of Science). Coral Gables, Fl.
Yano, K. 1992. Comments on the Reproductive Mode of the false cat shark Pseudotriakis microdon. Copeia(2):460-468.
ROKICKI, J. & MOROZINSKA, J., 1995. Parasitic copepods from Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810, from the Central Atlantic Ocean. Crustaceana 68(1):21-26.
TANIUCHI, T., TACHIWARA, H., KURATA, Y. & NOSE, Y. 1985. Galapagos Shark, Carcharhinus galapagensis, from the Ogasawara Islands, Japan. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology. Vol. 31(4):449-452.
CUNHA, P., CALVÁRIO, J., MARQUES, J.C. & RÉ, P. (?) Estudo comparativo dos regimes alimentares de Raja brachyura LAFONT,1983 Raja clavata LINNÉ, 1758 Raja montagui FOWLER, 1910 e Raja naevus MÜLLER & HENLE, 1841(Pisces: Rajidae) da Costa Portuguesa. Arq. Mus. Boc. (Série A). Vol III (8):137-174.
Infection of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L. s.l.) by Tryanophorus crassus Forel (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea): a case study in parasite control. Can. J. Zool. Vol. 68:1187-1192.
COUSSEAU, M. B., 1973. Taxonomia y biologia del pez nagel, Squatina argentina Marini (Pises, Squatinidae). Phycis Secc. A. Buenos Aires, 32 (84): 175-195.
NOTARBARTOLA-DI-SCIARA, G. & Hillyer, E. V., 1989. Mobulid rays off Eastern Venezuela (Chondrichthyes, mobulidae). Copeia (3):607-614.
SELIGSON, S. A. & WEBER, D. J. (????). Alterations in estabilished swimming habits of carcharhinid sharks at the Living Seas Pavilion. Journsl of Aquariculture and Aquatic Sciences. Vol. V(4):105-117.
VIANA, M., ARFELLI, C. A. & AMORIM, A. F. 2000. Feeding of Mustelus canis (Elasmobranchii, Triakidae) caught off South-Southeast Coast of Brazil. B. Inst. Pesca 26(1):79-84.
JACKSON, R. G. & Sage, M., 1973. Regional distribution of thyroid stimulating hormone activity inthe pituitary gland of the Atlantic stingray, Dasyatis sabina. Fishery Bulletin, 71(1):93-97.
STAWIKOWSKI, R. 1989. Sübwasser Stechrchen von Marajó. Datz.(42):522.
HUSSAKOF, L. 1915. The capture of a basking shark on Long Island. Copeia (24):25-27.
ROSENBERGER, L. J. 2001. Pectoral fin locomotion in batoid fishes: Undulation Versus Oscillation. The Journal of Experimental biology (204):379-394.
FERREIRA, B. P., 1988. Ciclo reprodutivo de Rhizoprionodon lallandii (Valenciennes) e Rhizoprionodon porosus (Poey) (Selachii, Carcharhinidae) na região de Barra de Guaratiba, RJ. Na. Acad. Brás. Ci., 60 (1):91-101.
CASTEX, M. N. 1966. Observaciones en Torno al Genero Elispesurus SCHOMBURGK, 1843 y nueva sinonimia de Potamotrygon brachyurus (GÜNTHER, 1880) (Chondrichthyes, Potamotrygonidae). Physis - Tomo XXVI, (71):33-38.
PRATT JR, H. L., GRUBER, S. H. & TANIUCHI, T. 1990. Elasmobranchs as Living Resources: Advances in the Biology, Ecology, Systematics, and the Status of the Fisheries. ED. U.S. Department of Commerce. 518p.
Cione, A. L. & Reguero, M. 1995. Extension of the range of hexanchid and isurid sharks in the Eocene of Antarctica and comments on the occurrence of hexanchids in recent waters of Argentina. Ameghiniana 32(2):151-157.
Jahn, A.E., and R.L. Haedrich. 1987. Notes on the pelagic squaloid shark Isistius brasiliensis. Biol. Oceanogr. 5:297-309.
STEVENS, J. D. 1992. Blue and Mako by-catch in the Japanese Longline Fishery off South-eastern Austrália. In “Sharks: Biology and Fisheries”. (Ed. J. G. Pepperell.) Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 43:227-236.
DUFFY, C. A. J. 1997. Further records of the goblin shark, Mitsukurina owstoni (Lamniformes: Mitsukurinidae), from New Zeland. New Zeland Journal of Zoology. Vol 24:167-171.
CASTEX , M. N., MACIEL, I., & ACHENBACH, G. M. 1963. Acerca de la raya fluvial Potamotrygon labradori. Neotropica. Vol 9 (30):117-121.
THORSON, T. B., WOTTON, R. M. & GEORGI, T. A. 1978. Rectal Gland of Freshwater stingrays, Potamotrygon spp. (Chondrichthyes, Potamotrygonidae). Biol. Bull. (154):508-516.
VAZZOLER, G. & IWAI, M. 1971. Relatório msôbre prospecção e pesca exploratória na plataforma continental do Rio Grande do Sul. Contrções Inst. Oceanogr. Univ. S.Paulo, sér. Ocean Biol.(25):41-43.
ANGERMEIER, P. L. & KARR, J. R. 1985. Fish communities along enviromental gradients in a system of Tropical Streams. In: Evolutionary ecology of neotropical fishes.:40-57.
FARIÑA, J. M. & Ojeda, F. P., 1993. Abundance, activity, and trophic patterns of the redspotted cat shark, Schroederichthys chilensis, on the Pacific temperate Coast of Chile. Copeia (2):545-549.
SOARES, L. S. H., ROSSI-WONGTCHOWSKI, C. L. B., BIANCO, C. L., ALVARES, L. M. C., MUTO, E. Y.& GASALLA, M. A. 1992. Grupos tróficos de peixes demersais da plataforma continental interna de Ubatuba, Brasil. I. Chondrichthyes. Bolm Inst. Oceanogr. 40(1/2):79-85.
SHIRAI, S. 1992. Idenntity of Extra Branchial Arches of Hexanchiformes (Pisces, Elasmobranchii). Bull. Fac. Fish. Hokkaido Univ. 43(1):24-32.
FRANCIS, M. P., STEVENS, J.D., & LAST, P. R. 1998. New records of Somniosus (Elasmobranchii: Squalidae) from Australasia, with coments on the taxonomy of the genus. New Zeland Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. Vol 22:401-409.
SOTO, J. M. R. 2000. Sobre a presença do tubarão-crocodlo, Pseudocarcharias kamoharai (Matsubara, 1936) (Chondrichthyes, Pseudocarchariidae) no Sudoeste do Atlântico. Estudos de Biologia, PUCPR, Curitiba, 46:59-70
SMITH, C. & GRIFFTHS, C. 1997. Shark and skate egg-cases casts up on two African beaches and their rates of hatching sucess, or causes of death. S. Afr. J. Zool. 32(4):112-117.
AFONSO, A. F. & GALLO, V. 2001. Estudo do escápulo-coracóide e da cartilagem sinarcual cérvico-torácica de Rhinoptera brasiliensis Müller & Henle e Rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill) (Elasmobranchii, Rhinopteridae). Revta bras. Zool. 18 (2):319-331.
Cadenat, J., Blache , J., 1981. Requins de Mé diterranée et d’Atlantique. Faune Tropicale. ORSTOM 21, 330p.
ISHIYAMA, R. & HUBBS, C. L. 1968. Bathyraja A genus of Pacific Skates (Rajidae) regarded as phyletically distinct from the Atlantic genus Breviraja. Copeia(2):407-410.
RIDEWOOD, W. G. 1899. Note on the Basibranchial Skeleton of Echinorhinus spinosus. Anat. Anz. XV(19):346-348.
CARVALHO, M. R., & MAISEY, J. G. 1996. Phylogenetic relationships of the Late Jurassic shark Protospinax WOODWARD 1919 (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii). Mesozoic Fishes – Systematics and Paleoecology, G. Arrantia & G. Viohl (eds.):pp. 9-46.
MUSICK, J. A., Tabit, C. R. & Evans, D. A., 1990. Body surface area in Galoid sharks. Copeia (4):1130-1133.
TANIUCHI, T. & ISHIHARA, H. 1990. anatomical comparison of Claspers of freshwater stingrays (Dasyatidae and Potamotrygonidae).
HUBBS, C. L. & MCHUGH, J. L. 1951. Relationship of the pelagic shark Euprotomicroides bispinatus, with description of a new specimen from off California. Proc. Calif. Acad. Of Science. (4th ser.) Vol 27 (6):159-176.
KOBEGHENOVA,S.S. 1992. Morphology and morphogenesis of the digestive system of some cartilaginous fishes (chondrichthyes).(???) TOM 71, BbIII.10:108-122.
CRESSEY, R. & BOYLE, H. 1978. A new genus and Speciesof Parasitic Copepod (Pandaridae) from a Unique New Shark. Pacific Science. Vol32 (1):25-30.
SOTO, J. M. R. 2000. Marine Leech, Stibarobdella macrothela (Schmarda, 1861) (Hirudinea, Piscicolidae), parasitic on the whaler shark, Carcharhinus brachyurus (Günther, 1870) (Chondrichthyes, Carcharhinidae), in southern brazilian waters. Rev. Basil. Biol. 60(4):713-714.
SHIRAI, S. & TACHIKAWA, H. 1993. Taxonomic resolution of the Etmopterus pusillus Species group (Elasmobranchii, Etmopteridae), with description of E. bigelowi, n.sp. Copeia (2):483-495.
TESHIMA, K., YOSHIMURA, H. & MIZUE, Y. 1971. Studies on Sharks - II. On the Reproduction of Japanese dogfish Mustelus manazo, Bleeker. Bulletin of the Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University (32):41-50.
FARREL, A. P., DAVIE, P. S. & SPARKSMAN, R., 1992. The absence of coronary arterial lesions in five species of elasmobranches, Raja nasuta, Squalus acanthias L., Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, Prionace glauca (L.) and Lamna nasua (Bonnaterre). Journal of Fish Diseases (15):537-540.
HOLMGREN, N. 1941. studies on the head in fishes. Embryological, morphological, phylogenetical researches: II. Comparative anatomy of the adult selachian skull, with remarks on the dorsal fins in sharks. Acta Zool. (Stockh.) 22:1-100.
SANTOS, R. S. & GOMES, U. L. 1987. Chondrichthyes ( Hypotremata) da formação Maria Farinha Estado de Pernambuco. Anais do X Congresso Brasileiro de Paleontologia: 37-53.
LUND, R. 1985. Stetacanthid Elasmobrach Remains from the Bear Gulch Limestone (Namurian E2b) of Montana. American Museum Novitates, (2828):1-24.
PEQUEÑO, G. & LAMILLA, J. 1985. Estudio sobre una coleccion de rayas del sur de Chile (Chondrichthyes, Rajidae). Rev. Biol. Mar. 21(2):225-271.
CASTEX, M. N. & ACHENBACH, G. M. 1965. Notas sobre algunos ejemplares curiosos de la familia Potamotrygonidae GARMAN, 1913 (Chondrichthyes) Physis - Tomo XXV, (70):245-247.
BALLARD, J. A. 1989. some specimen collecting and transport methods. Bulletin de l’Institut océanographique, Monaco, (5):63-69.
SADOWSKY, V. 1971. First record of the ocurrence of na adult Hammerhead shark (Sphyrna mokarran) in Southern brasilian waters. Contrções. Inst. Oceanogr. Univ. S. Paulo, sér. Ocean. Biol. (24):1-3.
Hubbs, C. L., Iwai, T., & Matsubara, K. 1967. External and internal characters, horizontal and vertical distribution, luminescence, and food of the dwarf pelagic shark, Euprotomicrus bispinatus. Bull. Scripps Inst. of Oceanogr. 10:1-81.
BACESCU, M. & QUEIROZ, e. L. (?) The contribuition of Cumacea in the feeding of the Rajidae Sympterigia acuta and S. bonapartei from Rio Grande do Sul – S Brasil. (?):7-18.
BATISTA, V. S. 1991. Aspectos quantitativos da fecundidade do desenvolvimento embrionário da raia Zapterix brevirostris Müller & Henle 1841 (Pisces, Rhinobatidae) da enseada de Itaipu, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro.
ZANGERL, R. 1974. Interrelashionships of early Chondrichthyans. Zoological Journal Linnaen Society 53(suppl1):1-14
COMPAGNO, L. J. V., ERBERT, D. A., & SMALE, M. J. 1989. Guide to the sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Pub., Cape Town, 160 p., ill.
BANNISTER, K. 1996. The book of shark. ED. Grange Books. 128p
Clarke, M. R., Clarke, D. C., Martins, H. R., & Da Silva, H. M.. 1996. The diet of the blue shark (Prionace glauca L.) in Azorean waters. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences 14A:41-56.
CAIRA, J. N., 1989. Gut pH in the nurse shark, Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre). Copeia 1:192-194.
KNIGHT, F. M., Lombardi, J., Wourms, J. P. & Burns, J. R., 1985. Follicular placenta and embryonic growth of the viviparous four-eyed fish (Anableps). Journal of Morphology, 185:131-142.
SCHLERNITZAUER, D. A. & GIBERT, P. W. (???). Placentation and Associated Aspects of Gestation in the Bonnethead shark, Sphyrna tiburo. J. Morph., 120:219-232.
Ebert, D. A. 1991. Diet of the sevengill shark Notorynchus cepedianus in the temperate coastal waters of southern Africa. S. Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 11:565-572.
CAILLIET, G. M., Mollet, H. F., Pittenger, G. G., Bedford, D. & Natanson, L. J., 1992. Growth and demography of the Pacific angel shark (Squatina californica), based upon tag returns off California. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwater Res., 43:1313-1330.
GRASSE, P. P., 1958. Traite de Zoologie: Anatomie, Systematique,Biologie, 13 Agnathes et poissons Ed. P.P. Grasse.
HEIST, E. J., GRAVES, J. E. & MUSICK, J. A. 1995. Population Genetics of the Sandbar Shark (Carcharhinuus plumbeus) in the Gulf of the Mexico and Mid-Atlantic Bight. Copeia (3):555-562.
SADOWSKY, V. & MENNI, R. C. 1974. Sobre Raja platana Günther, 1880 (Chondrichthyes, Rajidae). Physis. Vol. 33(86):23-32.
REIS, M. A. F. & GOMES, U. L. 1991. Terminologia histológica dos Dentes de Carcharhiniformes (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii). An. Acad. Bras. Ci. 63(3):273-281.
REGAN, C. T. 1906. A classification of the selachien fishes. Proc. Zool. Soc. nº XLIX:722-758.
COMPAGNO, L. J. V., ERBERT, D. A. & SMALE M. J., 1996. Guide to the sharks and rays of Southern America. ISBN 1 85368 065 6.
Armbruster, J. W. & Hardman, M., 1999. Redescription of Pseudorinelepis genibarbis (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) with comments on behaviour as it relates to air-holding. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, vol. 10 no. 1:53-61.
Amorim, A. F. & Arfelli, C. A., 1992. The shark fishery in South and Southeastern Brazil. Chondros, vol3 (3).
ISHIHARA, H. & STEHMANN, M.1990. A second Record of the Deep-water Skate Notoraja subtilispinosa from Flores Sea, Indonesia. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, Vol.37(2):182-185. Univ. Mus., Univ. Tokyo. Nature and Culture(3):43-53.
NELSON, ?. 1969. Gill Arches of Fishes. Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. Vol 141:512-519.
ISHIHARA, H. 1985. Two New Noth Pacific Skates (rajidae) and a Revised Key to Bathyraja in the Japan. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, Vol.32(2):143-179.
Baba, O., Taniuchi, T., and Y. Nose. 1987. Depth distribution and food habits of three species of small squaloid sharks off Chosi. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 53(3):417-424
CAILLIET, G. M., Martin, L. K., Kusher, D., Wolf, P. & Welden, B. A., ????. Techniques for Enhancing vertebral bands in age estimation of California elasmobranches. ???
McEachran, j. d. & MIYAKE, T. 1987. A new species of skates of the genus Breviraja from off Nova Scotia, with comments on the status of Breviraja and Neoraja (Chondrichthyes, Rajoidei). Copeia, (2):409-417.
BALBRIDGE, H. D. 1974. shark attach: A program of data reduction and Analysis. Contributions from the Mote Marine Laboratory. Vol 1. (2).98p.
HENNINGSEN, A. D., 1999. Levels of recirculation reproductively-related steroid hormones in female elasmobranches. Implications for reproduction in a captive environment. Aquarium Sciences and Conservation, 2:97-116.
MICHAEL, S. W. 1993. Reef Sharks & Rays of the World: A guide to their identification, behavior, and ecology. Sea Challengers, Monterey, Califórnia, 107p.
CROW, G. L. & HOWE, J. C.,1990. Protusion of the valvular intestine through the cloaca in sharks of the family Carcharhinidae. Copeia (1):226-229.
DYKHUIZEN, G. V. & MOLLET, H. F. 1992. Growth, age estimation and feeding of captive sevengill sharks, Notorynchus cepedianus, at the Monterey Bay Aquarium. In “Sharks: Biology and Fisheries”. (Ed. J. G. Pepperell.) Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 43:297-318.
Ebert, D. A., Compagno, L. J. V., and L. J. Natanson. 1987. Biological notes on the Pacific sleeper shark, Somniosus pacificus (Chondrichthyes: Squalidae). Calif. Fish and Game 73:117-123.
MYRBERG JR., A. A. & GRUBBER, S. H. 1974. The Behavior of the Bonnethead shark Sphyrna tiburo. COPEIA. (02):358-371.
MINCARONE, M. M. 2000. Eptatretus menezesi, a new species of Hagfish (Agnata myxinidae) from Brazil. Bulletin of Marine Science, 67(2):815-819.
PEPPERELL, J. G. 1992. Trends in the Distribution, species composition and size of sharks caught by gamefish anglers off South-eastern Australia, 1961-90. In “Sharks: Biology and Fisheries”. (Ed. J. G. Pepperell.) Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 43:213-225.
SADOWSKY, V. 1965. The hammmerhead sharks of the Littoral zone of São Paulo, Brazil, with the description of a new species. Bulletin of Marine Science. Vol. 15(1):1-12.
TEIXEIRA, R. L. & musicK, j. a. 2001. Reproduction and food habits of the lined Seahorse, Hippocampus erectus (Teleostei: Syngnathidae) of Chesapeake bay, virginia. Ver. Brasil.Biol., 61(1):79-90.
BRANSTETTER, S., 1987. Age and grouth estimates for blacktip, Carcharhinus limbatus, and spinner, Carcharhinus brevipinna, sharks from the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Copeia, (4)964-974.
SOTO, J. M. R. 2000. Sobre a presença do tubarão-peregrino, Cetorhinus maxmus (Gunnerus, 1765) (Lamniformes, Cetorhinidae), em águas brasileiras. Biotemas, 13 (1):73-88.
BLONDER, B. I. & Alevizon, W. S., 1988. Prey discrimination and eletroreception in the stingray Dasyatis Sabina. Copeia (1):33-36.
Bonham, K. 1954. Food of the dogfish Squalus acanthias. Wash. Dep. Fish., Fish. Res. Pap. 1:25-36.
WHITMAN , P.A., MARSHALL, J. A. & KELLER Jr, E. C. 1986. Tonic immobilityin the Smooth Dogfish shrak, Mustelus canis (Pisces, Carcharhinidae). Copeia(3):829-832.
MIYAKE, T. & MCEACHRAN. 1991. The morphology and evolution of the ventral gill arch skeleton in batoid fishes (Chondrichthyes: Batoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 102: 75-100.
SADOWSKY, V. 1967. The adult stage of the shark Carcharhinus remotus (Duméril, 1865). Senck Biol. 48(5/6):327-334.
LAHILLE, H. 1913. Nota sobre los generos Heptranchias y Hexanchus. Annales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires. Tomo XXIV:25-34.
NATANSON, L. J., 1993. Effect of temperature on band deposition in the little skate, Raja erinacea. Copeia (1):199-206.
Armbruster, J. W. & Page, L. M., 1997. Generic Reassignment of the Locariid species Monistiancistrus carachama Fowler, 1940, Pleucostomus lacerta Nichols, 1919, and Rhinelepis levis Pearson, 1924. (Teleostei: Siluriformes). Copeia, 1997 (1):227-232.
NISHIDA, K. & NAKAYA, K. 1988. Dasyatis izuensis, a New stingray from the Izu Peninsula, Japan. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology. Vol. 35(03):227-235.
CASTEX, M. N. 1963. Observaciones sobre la raya de rio Potamotrygon motoro (MÜLLER Y HENLE). Hidrobiologia. Tomo I (2):7-17.
MENNI, R. C. & GOSZTONYI, A. E. 1982. Benthic and Semidemersal Associations in the Argentine Sea. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment (17):1-29.
MARTIN, L. K. & Caillet, G. M., 1988. Age and growth determination of the bat ray, Myliobatis californica Gill, in Central California. Copeia (3):762-773.
CAILLIET, G. M., & Radtke, R. L., 1987. Age and growth of fish. Iowa State University Press/AMES.:360-369.
GRIER, H. J., Burns, J. R. & Flores, J. A., 1981. Testis structure in three species of teleosts with tubular gonopodia. Copeia (4):797-801.
ZAPATA, A.G., TORROBA, M., SACÉDON, R. VARAS, A. & VICENTE, A. 1996. Structure of the Lymphoid Orgaans of Elasmobranchs. The Journal of Experimental Zoology 275:125-143.
ANDRÉS, A. V., MUÑOZ-CHAPULI, R., SANS-COMA, V. & GARCIA-CARRIDO, L. 1990. Anatomical Studies of the Coronary System in Elasmobranchs: I. Coronary Arteries in Lamniformes Sharks. The American Journal of Anatomy (187):303-310.
SCHMID, T. S., EHRHART, E. M. & F. F. SNELSON, Jr. 1988. Notes on the occurrence of rays (Elasmobranchii, Batoidea) in the Indian River lagoon System, Florida. Biological Scineces Vol. 51(2):121-128.
GAIDA, I. H. 1995. Evolutionary Aspects of Gene Expression in the Pacific Angel Shark, Squatina californica (Squaliformes: Squatinidae). Copeia(3):532-554.
SHIRAI, S. & K. Nakaya. 1990. A New Squalid Species of the Genus Centrocyllium from the Emperor Seamount Chain. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology. Vol36(4):391-398.
LESSA, R. & VOOREN, C.M.1981. Determinação de idade e crescimento de Rhinobatus horkelli( Pisces, Rajiformes). Resumos da 33º Reunião SBPC. 33(7):572
BRUCE, B.D. 1992. Preliminary observations on the biology of the white shark, Charcharodon carcharias, in South Australian waters. In “Sharks: Biology and Fisheries”. (Ed. J. G. Pepperell.) Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 43:1-11.
WENBIN, Z. & SHUYUAN, Q. 1993. Reproductive biology of the guitarfish, Rhinobatus hynnicephalus. Environmental Biology of Fishes 38:81-93.
Bor, P.H.F., 1998. Eikapsels van haaien en roggen. Wetenschappelijke Mededeling K.N.N.V. n.º 223: 48 pp..
HELLAWELL, J. M. & Abel, R., 1971. A rapid volumetric method for the analysis of the food of fishes. J. Fish. Biol., 3:29-37.
DURET, J., 1972. Culex (Anoedioporpa) quasioriginator, una nueva especie del Brasil. Neotropica Notas Zoológicas Americanas. Vol. 18 (55):1-8.
ERHART, E. A. 1992. elementos de Anatomia Humana. ED. Ateneu. 8ªed. 272p.
LAVERY, S. 1992. Eletrophoretic Analysis of Phylogenetic relationships among Australian Carcharhinid Sharks. In “Sharks: Biology and Fisheries”. (Ed. J. G. Pepperell.) Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 43:97-108.
SAWAYA, P. & MENDES, E. G. Cholinestrase activity of electric organ of Narcine brasiliensis (ölfers). (???):321-327.
HEATH, A. R., 1991. The ocular tapetum lucidum: A model system for interdisciplinary studies in Elasmobranch Biology. The Journal of Experimental Zoology Supplement, 5:41-45.
MCFARLAND, W., 1991. Light in the sea: The optical world of Elasmobranchs. The Journal of Experimental Zoology Supplement, 5:3-12.
MAISEY, J. G. 1984. Higher Elasmobranch phylogeny and biostratigraphy. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, (82):33-54.
GOMES, U. L., & PICADO, S. S. 2001. Distribuition of the species of Dipturus Rafinesque (Rajidae, Rajinae, Rajini) off Brazil and first record of the Caribean skate D. teevani (Bigelow & Schroeder), in the Western South Atlantic. Revta bras. Zool. 18(1):171-185.
BODZNICK, D. 1991. Elasmobranch Vision: Multimodal Integration in the Brain. The Journal of Experimental Zoology Supplement (5):108-116.
GARRICK, J. A. F., Springer, S., 1964. Isistius plutodus, a new squaloid shark from the Gulf of Mexico. Copeia (4):678-682.
SMITH, J. D. & TOWLER, P. H. 1993. Polonium-210 in Cartilaginous Fishes (Chondrichthyes) from South-eastern Australian Waters. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwater Res., (44):727-733.
LUND, R., 1986. Indo-Pacific Fish Biology: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Indo-Pacific Fishes. Edited T. Uyeno, R. Arai, T. Taniuchi and K. Matsuura. pp 97-106. Ichthyological Society of Japan. Tokyo.
SMITH, J. L. B. 1957. Sharks of the genus Isurus Rafinesque, 1810. Ichthiologycal Bulletin.(6):91-96.
Yano, K. 1992. Comparision of Morphometrics of Atlantic and Pacific Specimens of the false catshrak, Pseudotriakis microdon, with notes on Stomach Contents. Copeia(3):877-886.
GIÁCOMO, E. E. di. & Perier, M. R., 1994. Reproductive biology of the cockfish, Callorhynchus calorhynchus (Holocephali: Callorhynchidae), in Patagonian waters (Argentina). Fishery Bulletin 92 (3):531-539.
HEUPEL, M. R. & Bennett, M. B., 1996. A myxosporean parasite (Myxosporea: Multivalvulida)in the skeletal muscle of epaulette sharks, Hemiscyllium ocellatum (Bonnaterre), from the Great Barrier Reef. Journal of Fish Diseases, 19:189-191.
BONFIN, R. 1994. overview of world elasmobranch fisheries. ED. FAO. 119p.
FLEMING, E. H. & PAPAGEORGIOU, P. A. 1996. The world trade in sharks: a copendium of traffic’s regional studies. ED. Traffic International. Vol 2. 946p.
Bor, P.H.F., 2000. De eikapsels van Leucoraja circularis (Couch, 1838) en Leucoraja fullonica (Linnaeus, 1758). Het Zeepaard 60(3):161-165.
GRIFFITH, R. W., PANG, P. K. T., SRIVASTAVA, A. K. & PICKFORD, G. E. 1973. serum composition of freshwater stingrays (Potamotrygonidae) adapted to fresh and dilute sea water. Biol. Bull., (144):304-320.
LUER, C. A., Blum, P. C. & gilbert, P. W., 1990. Rate of tooth replacement in the nurse shark, Gynglimostoma cirratum. Copeia (1):182-191.
BINI, L. M., COELHO, A. S. G. & DINIZ-FILHO, J.A.F. 2001. in the reationship between population density and body size consistent across independent studies? A meta-analytical appoach. Rev. Brasil. Biol. 61(1):1-6.
Bor, P.H.F., 2000. De eikapsels van Leucoraja circularis (Couch, 1838) en Leucoraja fullonica (Linnaeus, 1758). Het Zeepaard 60(3):161-165.
TAYLOR, W. R. & VAN DYKE, G. C. 1985. Revised Procedures for staining and clearing small fishes and other vertebrates for bone and cartilage study. Cybium 9(2):107-119.
IWAI, T. 1960. Luminous Organs of the Deep Sea Squaloid Shark, Centroscylium riteri Jordan and Fowler. Pacific Science, Vol.XIV:51-54.
COX, D. L. 1963. Egg-cases of some Elasmobranchs and a Cyclostome from Californian waters. California Fish and Game. Vol49 (4):271-289.
LIMA, M.C., GOMES, U. L., SOUZA-LIMA, W. & PARAGÓ, C. 1997. Estudo anatômico comparativo da região cefálica pré-branquial de Sphyrna lewini (griffth &Smith) e Rhizoprionodon lalandii (Valenciennes) (Elasmobranchii, Carcharhiniformes) relacionados com a presença do cefalofólio em Sphyrna Rafinesque. Revta bras. Zool. 14(2):347-370.
Notarbartolo-di-sciara, G. & SERENA, F. 1988. Term embryo of Mobula mobular (Bonaterre, 1788) from the Northern Tyrrenian Sea. Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Museo civ. Stor. Nat. 129(4):396-400.
HAMLET, W. C. 1999. Sharks, skates, and Rays: the biology of Elasmobranch fishes. ED. John Hopkins. 515p.
GARAYZAR, C. J. V. 1995. Reproductive biology of the banded guitarfish, Zapterix exasperata (Pisces Rhinobatidae), in Bahia almejas, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Ciencias Marinas., 21(2):141-153
ISHIYAMA, R. (???). Observations on egg-capsules of Skates of the Family Rajidae, found in Japan and adjacent waters. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Hamond College. Vol 118(1):3-24.
NISHIDA, K. & NAKAYA, K. 1988. A New species of the genus Dasyatis (Elasmobranchii: Dasyatidae) from Southern Japan and Lectotype Designation of D. zugei. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology. Vol. 35(02):115-123.
ROEDEL, P. M. &RIPLEY, W. E. 1950. California sharks and Rays. Fish Bull. Cif. Dep. Fish. Game. (75):39-43.
LESSA, R. P. 1986/87. Contribuição ao conhecimento da biologia de Carcharhinus porosus Ranzani, 1839 (Pisces, Chondrichthyes) das Reentraâncias Maranhenses. Acta Amazonica, 16/17 (nº único):73-86.
COHEN, J. L., 1991. Adaptations for scotopic vision in the lemon shark (Negaprion brevirostris). The Journal of Experimental Zoology Supplement 5:76-84.
SLAUGHTER, B. H. & SPRINGER, S. 1968. Replacement of rostral teeth in Sawfishes and Sawsharks. Copeia(3):499-506.
LUND, R. 1990. Chondrichthyan life history styles as revealed by the 320milion years old Mississipian of Montana. Environmental Biology of Fishes (27):1-19.
WETHERBEE, B.M. & GRUBER, S. H. 1993. Absorption Efficierncy of the Lemon shark Negaprion brevirostris at Varying rates of Energy Intake. Copeia(2):416-425.
SHIRAI, S. 1992. Squalean Phylogeny: a new framework of "Squaloid" shark and related taxa. Sapporo: Hokaido University Press. 151 pp. + 58 plates.
CAREY, F. G., kanwisher, j. w., brazier, o., gabrielson, g., casey, j. g. & pratt jr., h. l. 1982. Temperature and Activities of a White shark, Carcharodon carcharias. Copeia, (2):254-260.
SABINO, J. 1995. Fish mutilation by freshwater shrimps Macrobranchium olfersi (Decapoda: Palaemonidae)in na Atlantic Forest stream, southeastern Brazil. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, Vol. 6(4):345-348.
FRAZZETTA, T. H., 1988. The mechanics of cutting and the form of shark teeth (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii). Zoomorphology (108):93-107.
Clarke, M. R., & Stevens, J. D.. 1974. Cephalopods, blue sharks and migration. J. mar. biol. Assoc. U.K. 54:949-957
Golani, D. 1986/87. On deep-water sharks caught off the Mediterranean coast of Israel. Israel J. Zool. 34:23-31
Devadoss, P. 1989. Observations on the length-weight relationship and food and feeding habits of spade nose shark, Scoliodon laticaudus Muller and Henle. Indian J. Fish. 36:169-174.
SEIGEL, J. A. 1988. American Elasmobranch Society Symposium. Copeia (3):719.
CAILLIET, G. M., HOLTS, D. B. & Bedford, D., 1991. Proceeding of an International Workshop on the Conservation of Elasmobranchs held at Taronga Zoo, Sydney, Australia.
ZAVALA-CAMIN, L. A. 1996. Introdução aos estudos sobre alimentação natural em peixes. EDUEM, Maringá. 125pp.
DEMSKI, L. S. & WOURMS, J. P. 1993. The reproduction and development of sharks, skates, rays and ratfishes. ED. Kluwer academic publishers. 301p.
SILVA, A. A., DUARTE, P. C., GIGA, A. & MENEZES, G. 1998. First record of the spined pygmy shark, Squaliolus laticaudus (Smith & Radcliffe, 1912). Arquipélago. Life and Marine Sciences 16A.:57-61.
MACPHERSON, E., ????. Food and feeding of Chimaera monstrosa, Linnaeus, 1758, in the Western Mediterranean. J. Cons. Inst. Explor. Mer, 39(1):26-29.
Taniuchi, T. & SHIMIZU, M. 1993. Dental sexual Dimorphism and Food Habits in the Stingray Dasyatis akajei from Tokyo Bay, Japan. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 59(1):53-60.
SADOWSKY, V. & AMORIN , A. F. 1977. Sobre a composição da fauna dos esqualos pelágicos do Brasil. Resumos da 29º Reunião SBPC. 29(7):792.
COMPAGNO, L. J. V. 1984. FAO species catalogue. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of sharks species known to date. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 4 (125): 424-425.
WENS, S. &BRITO, P. M. 1996. New data about the lepisoteids and seminotids from the Early Cretaceous of Chapada do Araripe (NE Brazil): Philogenetic implications. Mesozoic Fishes – Systematics and Paleontology, G. Arratia &G. Violhl (eds.):153-165.
MAISEY, J. G. 1984. Chondrichthyan Phylogeny: A look at the evidence. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 4(3):359-371.
GRIMES, D. J., Burgess, J., Crunkleton Jr., J. A., Brayton, P. R. & Colwell, R. R., 1989. Potential invasive factors associated with Vibrio carcharie, an opportunistic pathogen for sharks. Journal of Fish Diseases, 12:69-72.
TOMÁS, A. R. G. & Gomes, U. L. 1989. Observações sobre a presença de Cetorhinus maximus (GUNNERUS, 1765) (Elasmobranchii, Cetorhinidae) no Sudeste e Sul do Brasil. B. Inst. Pesca 16(1):111-116.
MOSS, S. A. 1984. Sharks an Introduction for the Amateur Naturalist. ED. A Spectrum Book. 246p.
CLARK, E. & NELSON, D. R. 1997. Young whale sharks, Rhincodon typus, feeding on a copepod bloom neaqr La Paz, Mexico. Environmental Biology of Fishes, (50):63-73.
MAISEY, J. G. 1980. An Evaluetion of Jaw Suspension in Sharks. American Museum Novitates (2706):1-17.
STRAUSS, R. E. & BOND, C. E. (????). Taxonomic Methods: Morphology. Charpter 4. In: (???):109-139.
ALEXANDER, R. L.,1995. Evidence of a counter-current heat exchanger in the ray Mobula tarapacana (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii: Batoidea: Myliobatiformes). J. Zool., Lond. (1995) 237, 377-384.
MCCOSKER, J. E. 1987. The white shark, Carcharodon carcarias, has a warm stomach. Copeia (1):195-197.
MENNI, R. C. 1972. Anatomia del mixopterigio y diferencias especificas en los generos Psamobatis y Sympterygia (Chondrichthyes:Rajidae). Neotropica. Vol 18(56):73-80.
LUND, R. 1977. New informations on the Evolution of the Bradyodont Chondrichthyes. Fieldiana: Geology, Vol 33(28):521-539.
SHIRAI, S. 1992. Phylogenetic Relationships of the Angel sharks, with comments on Elasmobranch Phylogeny. Copeia (2):505-518.
CORWIN, J. T. 1990. Audition in Elasmobranchs. The Visual System of Fish, charpter 5:81-105
SPRINGER, S. & LOWE, R. H. 1963. A new Smooth Dogshark, Mustelus higmani, from the Equatorial Atlantic Coast of South America. Copeia(2):245-251.
HERRE, A. W. 1930. Notes on Philippine sharks, III The Hammer head Sharks, Sphyrnidae. Copeia (4):141-144.
ROBERTS, B. L. (???). Central Processing of Acousticolateralis Signals in Elasmobranchs. In:(???):357-373.
BERTONE, S., Gill, C., Moizo, A. & Calegari, L., 1996. Vibrio carcharie associated with chronic skin ulcer on a shark, Carcharhinus plumbeus (Nardo). Journal of Fish Diseases (1986) 19: 429-434.
THIES, D. (????). Selachierzähne aus der nordwestdeutschen Unterkreide. Europas. IUGS. Series A (6):211-222.
SOARES, L. S. H., GASALLA, M. A., RIOS, M. A.T., ARRASA, M. V.& ROSSI-WONGTCHOWSKI, C. L. B. 1993. Grupos tróficos de onze espécies de peixes demersais da plataforma continental interna de Ubatuba, Brasil. Publção esp. Inst. Oceanogr. (10):189-198.
RIVAS, L. R. 1986. Systematic review of the Perciform fishes of the genus Centropomus. Copeia, (3):579-611.
MATSUBARA, T., WATANABE, K. & YAMANOME, T. 1999. Application of Ultrasonography to Non-invasive Sexing Based on the Sexual Dimorphism in Gonads of mmature Barfin Flounder Verasper moresi. Fisheri Science 65(2):244-247.
MARTIN, L. K & Caillet, G. M., 1988. Aspects of the reproduction of the bat ray, Myliobatis californica, in Central California. Copeia (3):754-762.
HEMLEBEN, C. & SPINDLER, M. 1983. Recent advances in research on living planktonic foraminifera. Utrecht Micropal. Bull., 30:141-170.
GONZALEZ, M. M. B., 1999. Hifalomicose em Mustelus schimitti (Springer) (Chondrichthyes, Triakidae). Rev. Bras. Zool. (2):293-298.
DELACY, A. C. & CHAPMAN, W. M. 1935. Notes on Some Elasmobranchs of Puget Sound, with Descriptions of their Egg Cases. Copeia (2):63-?.
GOMES, U. L. & Ficher, N. S., 1993. Estudo comparativo da coluna vertebral de Rhizoprionodon lalandii (Valenciennes, 1839) e Rhizoprionodon porosus (Poey, 1861) (Elasmobranchii, Carcharhinidae). An. Acad. Brás. Ci. 65(3):303-321.
AMORIM, A. F. 1992. Estudo da biologia da pesca e reprodução do cação-azul, Prionace glauca Linnaeus, 1758 capturado no Sudeste e Sul do Brasil. Tese de Doutorado, Instituto de Boci6encias, Campus UNESP, 205p.
YANO, K. & TANAKA, S. 1989. Hermaphoditism in the Lantern shark Etmopterus unicolor (Squalidae, Chondrichthyes). Japanese Journal of Ichthyology. Vol 36(3):338-345.
STRONG, W. R. 1990. Hammerhead shark predation on stingrays: na observation of prey handling by Sphyrna mokarran. Copeia(3):836-840.
FERGUSON, E. & CAILLET, G. 1990. Sharks and Rays of the Pacific Coast. ED. Monterey Bay Aquarium. 64p.
HOLLAND, K. N., Wetherbee, B. M., Peterson, J. D. & Lowe, C. G., 1993. Movements and distribution of hammerhead shark pups on their natal grounds. Copeia (2):495-502.
CAILLIET, G. M., Natanson, L. J. & Welden, B. A., 1985. Preliminary studies on the age and growth of the white shark, Carcharodon carcharias using vertebral bands. Memoirs, Vol9:49-60.
NELSON, J. S. 1994. Fishes of the World. ED. Wiley. 3ªed. 600p.
HULLEY, P. A. & PENRITH, M. J. Euprotomicroides bispinatus, A new genus and species of pigmy dalatiid shark from South Africa. Bulletin of Marine Science. 16(2):223-229.
LASSO, C.A., A. RIAL B. & O. LASSO-ALCAIÁ. 1996. Notes on the biology of the freshewater stingray Paratrygon aiereba (Müller & Henle, 1841) and Potamotrygom orbignyi (Castelnau, 1855) (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae)in the Venezuelan llanos. Aqua Vol 2(3):39-50.
FLORES, J. A. & BURNS, J. R., 1993. Ultraestructural study of embryonic and early adult germ cells, and their support cells, in both sexes of Xiphophorus (Teleostei: Poeciliidae). Cell Tissue Res. (271):263-270.
SMITH, J. L. B. 1967. A new Squaloid shark from South Africa with notes on the rare Atractphorus armatus Gilchrist. Department of Ichthiology Rhodes University. Ocasional Paper Nº 11:117-136.
Palestra e lançamento nacional do livro "Rei dos Mares, Deus na Terra: cenários da pré-história brasileira" de autoria do Prof. Dr. Manoel Gonzalez
